掌握即興演講內(nèi)容應遵循的原則

　　即興演講(impromptu speech)，顧名思義，就是指臨場的、毫無準備的演講。下面是學習啦小編整理了怎樣做好即興演講，歡迎閱讀。

　　在前面所提到的兩大比賽中，即興演講所占時間為1~3分鐘，分值所占比重為30%~40%，在比賽中的地位十分重要。如果參賽選手想要取得優(yōu)秀的成績，那么就一定要在該部分取得高分。

　　即興演講對于使用母語演講的人來說都非常困難，更何況是使用非母語演講的選手?這部分非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性，主要考察選手多方面能力：思維能力、邏輯能力和語言能力。思維能力是指選手在毫無準備的情況下對某一問題的分析能力，對問題理解的深度和寬度等;邏輯能力主要指選手是否有全局觀，是否能合理搭筑整個演講的框架，所闡述觀點的層次性是否清晰;而語言能力則是指選手即席用英語進行交流溝通的能力，可檢驗選手的英語語言熟練度和準確度如何。那么如何應對即興演講呢?

　　在定題演講部分，我們討論了衡量一篇演講好壞的普遍原則。這些原則對所有類型的演講都適用，即興演講也不例外。在做即興演講時，也要從以下四個方面著手：內(nèi)容、結構、語言以及臺上演講風格等。

　　內(nèi)容

　　在討論即興演講的內(nèi)容之前，先了解幾個在近幾年大賽即興演講中出現(xiàn)的題目。

　　is marking western holidays a sign of a modern china or of traditions sacrificed to commercial interests?

　　do you think university education should be more open-minded?

　　are we becoming too susceptible to advertising?

　　which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend?

　　if you were one representative of people's congress, what advice would you give the government?

　　題目還有很多，這里就不一一列舉了。通過這幾個題目，大致可以看出即興演講的題目涉及方方面面，從經(jīng)濟、政治、教育、文化、人生到國際問題，包羅萬象。這也是即興演講具有極強挑戰(zhàn)性的原因之一。 題目的范圍之大之廣對參賽選手提出了很高的要求。要求演講者平時養(yǎng)成讀書看報的習慣，關注周圍發(fā)生的焦點問題和國際時事，積累各個領域的素材，以便談論起某一個話題時言之有物，有的放矢;要求演講者平時養(yǎng)成思考的習慣，多聽不同的聲音，從不同角度看問題，看問題有想法、有深度。這些都是賽前的準備工作，應多積累、豐富自己的知識內(nèi)容，強化自己的觀點。

　　那么在比賽當中，又該怎樣具體應對呢?

　　正如前面所講的，好的內(nèi)容包括好的主題以及有說服力的材料做支持。在即興演講中，更要注意這兩點。

　　1.強有力的材料做支持

　　正如前面討論過的那樣，論據(jù)的類型最基本可分為三種：實例、統(tǒng)計數(shù)字以及引用別人的言語。對于即興演講來說，現(xiàn)場能夠找到恰當?shù)慕y(tǒng)計數(shù)字是非常困難的。因此在即興演講時，引用別人的言語和用實例來證明是最常見的兩種方式。那么應該選擇哪種類型的例子來做論據(jù)呢?在比賽現(xiàn)場上進行即興演講時，最切實可行的、最容易做到的就是用自己或自己周圍發(fā)生的例子來說明你的觀點，信手拈來，不用絞盡腦汁，演講起來最自如，最自信;這樣做無形之中也強化了自己的可信度，比較容易打動聽眾。如在“21世紀(愛立信杯”XX年第8屆全國英語演講比賽中獲得第二名的南京大學學生王媛在即興演講中是這樣說的，

　　"if indeed i had a chance to choose for my life again, i think the time setting i would choose is in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. that was when the chinese government began to adopt the policy of reform and openness. and the place setting i would choose is in some places in the western part of china. why? let me share with you my reasons.

　　well, when i firstly saw this, errr, heard this topic, i think it reminded me of an experience a few years ago. i still clearly remember that, uhh, at that time, some fellow students and i went to visit a primary school in a very poor village and we were working as tutors there. there, all the classrooms were in a very old building and many windows and doors were broken, so, when it was raining, all the children had to move to a corner in order not to get wet. inside the classroom, five to six children were sharing one desk normally shared by two and many of the desks and chairs were broken, too.

　　and immediately after we began to teach them english, it became very clear to us that many of these students were very diligent and were very willing to work hard. but later on, as we talked among ourselves, we got to know that they, many of them, could not finish their schooling just because of poverty. i think that this experience enabled us to see that we belong to a few group of, a group of few people that are fortunately enough to receive a college education."

　　這段演講是她真情實感的流露，表達起來自如，而且自信，也容易和聽眾進行真正的交流。