淺談?dòng)⒄Z復(fù)合句的用法及解題技巧

　　在高考英語試題中，復(fù)合句占有較大的比例，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：

　　1.倡發(fā)散思維，忌單向思維，考各種從屬句，常常是不同類型的連接詞語正誤連綴而至，如果不抓住這一點(diǎn)，不從多方面思考選擇，就容易以偏概全， 誤入歧途。

　　2.弄清主從復(fù)合句中的每一個(gè)從屬連接詞的意思、用法、主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)、語氣、是否需要倒裝、固定搭配及邏輯常識(shí)等。

　　3.熟記句型及特殊表達(dá)形式。

　　4.注意各分句之間的特點(diǎn)及區(qū)別。

　　5.注意有些連接詞的省略情況及省略后某些語序發(fā)生的變化。

　　總之在做習(xí)題時(shí)，不能生搬硬套，一成不變，要全方位的思考，摸清出題者的意圖，靈活機(jī)動(dòng)，隨著不同的語言環(huán)境而變化。

　　一、狀語從句：

　　狀語從句又可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、行為方式、條件、讓步及比較等幾種形式。

　　1.I'll go with you as soon as I ____my work.

　　A.will finish B.shall finish C.finish D.finished

　　選C.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般將來時(shí)或帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如 果主句是過去將來時(shí)，從句可以用一般過去時(shí)。能夠引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句的從屬連接詞，常見的 有：when,until (ti y,directly,unless,as long as,suppose等。如：

　　(1)Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.

　　(2)Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?

　　(3)Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."

　　2.No sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street. A.they heard B.they had heard C.did they hear D.had they heard 選D.no sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—… 就"，主句一般用過去完成時(shí)(h ad+V-ed)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首，主謂倒裝。

　　3.Although he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91) A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widelyread C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works arenot widely read 選A.這是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，主句與從句之間有一個(gè)從屬連詞 although(though)，不能再加but,howeve r,still等，但可以和yet連用。

　　4.No matter how hard he worked,____(84年) A.he could not do any better B.and he could not do any better C.so he could do any bettes D.but he could not do any better 選A.由no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so 等并列連接詞。

　　5.____he might,he failed,A.Try as B.As try C.Tried as D.As tried 選A.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的意義，表示出非常強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照，用as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，從句的語序要作部分調(diào)整，即把句子受強(qiáng)調(diào)的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于從句的句首。如果表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，移置句首時(shí)，名詞前不用冠詞。如：

　　(1)Much as I like it,I will not buy it.(2)Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.

　　6.Did the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell thema part?

　　A.and B.that C.as D.so that

　　選B.目的狀語從句的表達(dá)："主+謂+that(so that,in order that)+ 主+may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)+謂"。

　　7.____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel. A.Now that B.But that C.And that D.Since that

　　選A.now that相當(dāng)于since。表示原因狀語從句的連接詞常見的有 because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。

　　8.It was____a hundred people looked lost in it. A.so large a room that B.so large a room C.such large a room thatD.a such large room

　　選A.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：

　　so+adj(adv)+that從句so+adj+a(an)+n+that從句such+a(an)+ adj+n+that從句 表示"這樣……(一個(gè))……以至于……"。

　　9.The harder he worked,____he felt. A.happier B.the happier C.the happy D.the happiest 選B.the+比較級(jí)+主+謂，the+比較級(jí)+主+謂，意思是"越…… 越……"。

　　二、定語從句

　　定語從句是在復(fù)合句中使其修飾的某一名詞或代詞代表一個(gè)(些)或一類特 定的人或東西。在做定語從句 的練習(xí)時(shí)，首先應(yīng)該找出先行詞，然后再確定選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。能夠引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有 who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。

　　1.She heard a terrible noise,____brought her heart into ber mouth.(M

　　A.it B.which C.this D.that

　　選B.在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞用which不能用that。

　　2.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten wiondows,most of____hadn't cleaned for at least a y ear.(MET'90)

　　A.these B.those C.that D.which

　　選D.如果選A、B、C，整個(gè)句子不符合語法要求，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)"逗號(hào)"， 不是并列句，因此只能是一 個(gè)非限定性定語從句，在非限定性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞一般用which。

　　3.His parents wouldn't marry anyone____family was poor.(MET'88)

　　A.of whom B.whom c.of whose D.whose

　　選D.因?yàn)閣hose作family的定語。

　　4.Finally the thief handed in everything____he had stolen to thepolice.(MET'87)

　　A.after B.what C.whatever D.that

　　選D.因?yàn)锳、B、C不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞everything，關(guān)系代詞 that在從句中作賓語。當(dāng)先行詞 是不定代詞all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，關(guān)系代詞只能由that引導(dǎo)。

　　5.All____is needed is a supply of oil.(MET'89)

　　A.the thing B.that C.what C.which

　　選B.All作先行詞，關(guān)系代詞由that引導(dǎo)。

　　6.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.(85年 )

　　A.where B.who C.in which D.which

　　選D.question是先行詞，在從句中作主語，所以應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。

　　7.The man____talked to you just now is an engineer.(80年) A.who B.where C.which D.what

　　選A.先行詞是man。在從句中作主語，所以選who。

　　8.The word"write"has the same pronunciation____the work"right". (84年)

　　A.of B.as C.to D.from

　　選B.先行詞中含有such,the same時(shí)，或先行詞被such,the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as引導(dǎo)。

　　9.Watch the girl and her dog____are crossing the bridge. A.which B.who C.they D.that

　　選D.當(dāng)先行詞含有"人"和"物"時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。

　　10.This dictionary,a few pages____are missing,is of no use.

　　A.among which B.of which C.which D.in which

　　選B.dictionary是先行詞，which是關(guān)系代詞，a few pages of which(diciotnary)。

　　11.You may take____book you like.

　　A.which B.only c.whichever D.what

　　選C.復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞本身兼有先行詞。whichever=anything that,whatever=anything that,whoever=any one who,whomever=anyone whom,whosever=anyone whose。

　　12.This is the best dictionary____I've ever bought.

　　A.with which B.that C.which D.when

　　選B.先行詞是dictionary，因?yàn)橄刃性~前有最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、only,very,any等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用tha t。

　　13.I still remember the day____I first came to Beijing.

　　A.which B.that C.when D.where

　　選C.先行詞the day，在定語從句中作狀語，所以選when。當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞選 用when或where,that或which，主要取決于在定語從句中所作成份，如果作賓語，用that或which，作狀語用wh en或where。 如：

　　(1)I still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside.

　　先行詞是the days,spent是及物動(dòng)詞，that/which作spent的賓語。

　　(2)This is the place where I lived three years ago.

　　先行詞是place,lived是不及物動(dòng)詞，where在從句中作狀語。

　　(3)This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.

　　先行詞是place,visited是及物動(dòng)詞，that/which在從句中作賓語。

　　14.____,Charles Dickens was an English writetr.

　　A.It's knownn to all B.It's known that C.We all know D.As isknown to all

　　選D.as引出非限定性定語從句，表示"正如……那樣”。類似的還有：asyou know,as you see,as can be known,as has been pointed out,as is known to all等。

　　15.I don't like the way____you laughed

　　at her.

　　A.which B.in that C.where D.that

　　選D.先行詞是the way，表示方式，可用that(可省)或in which來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句。如果先行詞是時(shí) 間或原因，也可用that(可省)或when或 why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

　　(1)This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday.

　　(2)This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

　　三、名詞性從句：

　　在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語與同位語的句子分別叫做主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句， 這些統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。

　　1.Can you make sure____the gold ring?(MET'90)

　　A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put

　　選C.在賓語從句中，須用陳述句自然語序(即疑問詞+主語+謂語)。主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也亦用相應(yīng)的一類時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　2.These photographs will show you____(MET'89)

　　A.what does out village look like B.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like

　　選B."show"后面接一個(gè)賓語從句，A，C語序不合，D答案中的how是副詞，不能作like的賓語。

　　3.They want to know____do to help us.(MET'88)

　　A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they

　　選B.know后面接一個(gè)賓語從句，A，D語序不合，C答案中的how是副詞，不能作do的賓語。

　　4.They have no idea at all____.(MET'87)

　　A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.which place has he goneD.where has he gone

　　選A.根據(jù)賓語從句語序。

　　5.Can you tell me____?(85年)

　　A.Who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that ge ntleman

　　選C.在賓語從句中that gentleman作主語，who作表語。

　　6.The old gentleman never fails to help____is in need of help. A.whom B.who Cwhoever D.whomever

　　選C.whoever=anyone who。如：

　　(1)You may do whatever(anything that) you like.

　　(2)Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.

　　(3)You had better see the men for yourself and choose whichever(any one of them that) you like.

　　7.____comes back first is supposed to win the prize.

　　A.Those who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The one who

　　選C.Whoever=anyone who。A主謂不一致，B句子結(jié)構(gòu)不正確，D無讓步意味。

　　8.The news____we had won in the match excited us all.

　　A.that B.where C.which D.X

　　選A.We had won in the match就是the news 的具體內(nèi)容，同位語從句中的連詞that，盡管不作任何成 份，但不能省去。