人稱代詞在英文醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文前言部分中的使用探討論文
人稱代詞,表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。物主代詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)的物主代詞還有性別的變化。代詞的一類,如:我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編今天為大家精心準(zhǔn)備的:人稱代詞在英文醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文前言部分中的使用探討相關(guān)論文,內(nèi)容僅供參考,歡迎閱讀!
人稱代詞在英文醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文前言部分中的使用探討全文如下:
人稱代詞在中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者撰寫的英文醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文前言部分中的使用
Application of personal pronouns in introduction section of English medical research articles
【摘要】 目的:探討和對(duì)比人稱代詞在中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者撰寫的英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分中的使用情況. 方法:采用ESP體裁分析法以及對(duì)比研究法對(duì)50篇和20篇分別由中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者和母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的外國(guó)作者所撰寫的英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分中的人稱代詞使用情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、對(duì)比、分析研究. 結(jié)果:兩個(gè)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分使用的人稱代詞主要為第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)主格形式we. 英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的外國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者使用第一人稱遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者 具有顯著性差異. 結(jié)論:中外作者在思維方式、文化和語(yǔ)言的遷移方面存在差異.
【關(guān)鍵詞】 英文;醫(yī)學(xué)論文;前言; 人稱代詞; ESP體裁分析法; 對(duì)比研究分析
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate and contrast the personal pronouns used in introduction sections of English medical research articles written by Chinese medical writers (CMWs) and native English speaking medical writers (NMWs). METHODS: The personal pronouns used in 50 introduction sections written by CMWs and 20 ones by NMWs were investigated and compared using ESP genre analysis and the contrastive approach. RESULTS: The first personal pronouns were found mainly used in their plural forms in subjective cases and more favorably used in the introduction sections written by NMWs (85%) than those by CMWs (54%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese medical writers use significantly less the first personal pronouns than their native English speaking counterparts which may in some way result from their difference in thought pattern and culture transfer.
【Keywords】 English; medical research article; introduction; personal pronouns; ESP genre analysis; contrastive analysis
0引言
科學(xué)研究通常被認(rèn)為具有客觀性,因此科研報(bào)道也通常被人們認(rèn)為必須是客觀的、非人稱的[1]. 但作為研究者本人,在其科研報(bào)道中,除了客觀地報(bào)道其科研成果、成就之外,他們還須一方面表明其研究的意義以及其研究對(duì)這一學(xué)科所做出的貢獻(xiàn),另一方面他們又要謙虛地吸引編輯和他們的讀者,也就是他們要得到編輯和讀者的贊同和接受,以達(dá)到研究者本人同編輯和讀者之間的交流[2]. 從語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度來(lái)說(shuō),醫(yī)學(xué)作者的這一交際目的可通過(guò)運(yùn)用一些禮貌策略、信息構(gòu)成以及具體的詞匯、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),比如說(shuō)人稱代詞來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn). 我們認(rèn)為某一人稱代詞的選用通常能揭示作者如何看待自己以及表明作者同讀者、同行的關(guān)系[2].
本研究探討了人稱代詞的使用是如何表明作者在研究中的作用、中外學(xué)術(shù)作者所撰寫的英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分中人稱代詞使用的差異及原因.
1材料和方法
1.1材料我們建立了兩個(gè)英文醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文前言部分的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),即中國(guó)作者撰寫的前言部分語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(CMW)和英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的外國(guó)作者所撰寫的前言部分語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(NMW). CMW由中國(guó)出版的10種核心期刊及源期刊英文版隨機(jī)選出的50篇最新的英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分組成;NMW由美國(guó)及英國(guó)出版的4種最具權(quán)威的期刊中隨機(jī)選出的20篇最新醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分組成. 所選外國(guó)期刊為:The Journal of the American Medical Association (J1) The New England Journal of Medicine (J2) The Lancet(J3) The British Medical Journal (J4). 中國(guó)期刊英文版為: Chinese Journal of Traumatology (J5) Chinese Medical Journal (J6) ACTA Pharmacologia Sinica (J7) ACTA Biochimica et. Biophysica Sinica (J8) Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences (J9) Chinese Medical Science Journal (J10) World Journal of Gastroenterology (J11) Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics (J12) Asian Journal of Andrology (J13) Cell Research (J14).
1.2方法我們采用ESP體裁分析方法(語(yǔ)步-步驟法)[3]和對(duì)比研究定量分析方法[4]通過(guò)上下文分析分別找出中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者所撰寫的前言部分每個(gè)語(yǔ)步中的人稱代詞,并分別記錄它們出現(xiàn)的頻數(shù),并計(jì)算出它們?cè)谇把圆糠炙性~中使用的千分比將兩個(gè)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中所得出的結(jié)果用卡方進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析研究. 我們采用ESP體裁分析方法(語(yǔ)步-步驟法)和對(duì)比定性分析方法,分別找出中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者所撰寫的前言部分每個(gè)語(yǔ)步中的人稱代詞,計(jì)算人稱代詞在中外作者所撰寫的50篇和20篇中使用的百分比 將兩個(gè)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中所得出的結(jié)果用卡方進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析研究.
2結(jié)果
中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者在兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中共使用了66個(gè)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)的主格、賓格和所屬格形式 其中主格占絕對(duì)多數(shù);未發(fā)現(xiàn)第一人稱代詞單數(shù)和第二、三人稱代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式; 中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者每千字分別使用了2.37和3.81第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)的主格形式,具有顯著性差異(P<0.05). 在中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者所寫50篇和20篇前言中,分別有27篇(54%)和17篇(85%)使用了第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)的主格形式,注:‰: 第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)在由5251詞所組成的NMW和由13918詞所組成的CMW中的千分比;NMW:外國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者撰寫的前言部分語(yǔ)料庫(kù);CMW:中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者撰寫的前言部分語(yǔ)料庫(kù).
在中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者撰寫的前言中 第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)we后接動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為前言部分中主要的使用形式. 作者在語(yǔ)步3中通過(guò)提出研究理論或方法、陳述研究的目的以及報(bào)告其研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn) 來(lái)說(shuō)明作者自己在研究中做了哪些工作. 例如:We investigated differential expression of these genes in various tissues and under various stresses or conditions allowing us to develop a greaternderstanding of the importance of the PI pathway. (J14?7)We used the full?length HPO (15ku) fused to GAL4 DNA?binding domain as bait in the yeast two?hybrid system to creen a human testis cDNA library. (J12?2) We designed a series of primer pairs based on the equences of the conserved regions of the rat and monkey homolous gene cDNA. (J8?3) We ompared the hormonal patterns in volunteers participating in a contraceptive trial with levonorgestrel implants and testosterone endcannoate injectable at an aim to identify possible factors contributing to the differences in spermatogenic suppressionbetween esponders and non?responders in Chinese men. (J13?1) In this study we observed the clinical efficacy of CVVH in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. (J6?2)We developed a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction ethod according to the published genome sequence of the SARS?associated coronavirus.
(J6?3)We examined a number of local populations of D. lacertosa almost covering the known geographic range of this pecies. (J14?5)Here we report the results ofthe second planned interim analysis which we are releasing in accordance with the recommendation of the independent data and safety onitoring committee. (J2?1) We present a review of OSAS children diagnosed between January 1997 and December1998 and their outcomes. (J6?4) In this study we identified a novel human testis specific gene TSP1 which encodes a putative bHLH?Zip transcription factor. (J13?4) We conducted a case?control study using data from the Massachusetts Department ofpublic Health?s Complaint and Incident Reporting System and from MDs assessments to provide a broad examination of the types of injuries that result from resident?to?resident violent incidents. (J1?3) We present new data on the health insurance coverage characteristics of adolescents …. We assess the health insurance status of dolescents …. We then examine trends in adolescent health care coverage …. (J1?4) We prospectively studied a large community?based sample of persons in whom plasma ariuretic peptide levels were routinely measured and who were followed for the occurrence of major cardiovascular events and death. (J2?5)We have found this technique particularly useful where traditional fixation techniques are inadequate because of trochanteric comminution or deficient bone stock. (J8?5)
但就提出研究目標(biāo)和目的而言 外國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者多用we aimed to 而中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者多用the aim/purpose of the research is/was…,或 the research/study was to…. 例如 The purpose of this study was to determine whether TP could reduce the chronic CsA nephrotoxicity and the xpression of TGF in tubular and interstitial cells in the rate model of CsA?induced chronic ephrotoxicity. (J8?7) The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between gastric H pylori infectionand reflux esophagitis (RE) BE and gastric IM in China. (J11?3)The present study was to investigate the effects of Res on the secondary spinal cord edema. (J7?6)study was undertaken to review our results in treating compromised abductorswith tension band in revision total hip arthroplasty. (J5?4)The present study aimed to make a comprehensiveanalysis on phyulogenetic relationships of the family yprinidae based on complete cytochrome b gene sequences. (J9?2)The present study is to clone its homologue from rat testis. (J14?2) We aimed to establish if asymptomatic ubduralhaemorrhages arise after delivery to assess their frequency and to ascertain their resolution. (J3?3)
3討論
英文醫(yī)學(xué)研究性論文前言部分使用第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)形式原因之一是基于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),即大多數(shù)的醫(yī)學(xué)研究都不是由一個(gè)人完成的 因此“we” “us” 和“our”自然地強(qiáng)調(diào)了所有參與了研究工作人員的貢獻(xiàn). 原因之二是第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有助于縮短研究者本人和讀者之間的距離 因?yàn)?ldquo;we”和“us”不僅是指作者和讀者社交和交際的角色 而且還表明作者和讀者兩者之間研究工作和研究目標(biāo)的一致性. 最后一個(gè)也是最為重要的原因就是作者要在此強(qiáng)調(diào)他們自己對(duì)這一研究和這一研究領(lǐng)域所做出的個(gè)人貢獻(xiàn). 語(yǔ)步3(占據(jù)研究地位)通過(guò)概述研究目的、通報(bào)當(dāng)前研究狀況及通報(bào)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)作者與讀者的對(duì)話、強(qiáng)調(diào)本人對(duì)這一研究所做的貢獻(xiàn).
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者使用第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)主格形式遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于外國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者 一方面是由于中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)作者一直以來(lái)所接受的教育造成的,認(rèn)為科學(xué)研究具有客觀性,應(yīng)客觀地、非人稱地報(bào)道出來(lái),因此中國(guó)人在撰寫研究性論文中更多的使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及用一些抽象名詞如“purpose aim goal”作主語(yǔ),而不是用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、第一人稱代詞“we”,來(lái)表達(dá)他們?cè)谶@一研究領(lǐng)域中的研究地位,這顯然沒(méi)有充分地說(shuō)明或突出他們對(duì)這一研究領(lǐng)域所做的貢獻(xiàn),沒(méi)有完全達(dá)到他們與讀者和編輯之間的有效交流. 另一方面,東西方在文化方面及思維模式上的差異也體現(xiàn)在了學(xué)術(shù)方面. 西方人的個(gè)人主義取向使得他們敢于藐視權(quán)威,突出自我 強(qiáng)調(diào)他們?cè)趯W(xué)術(shù)方面的個(gè)人貢獻(xiàn). 而東方人的集體主義取向以及中國(guó)人的中庸之道使得中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)作者不習(xí)慣于“冒尖”,不習(xí)慣于突出自我,而隱埋自己則有一種安全感. 這兩種文化上的差異在某種程度上造成中外醫(yī)學(xué)作者在如何看待自己和如何看待自己的研究成果方面存在明顯的不同.
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