英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖
思維導(dǎo)圖是英國(guó)著名心理學(xué)家托尼·巴贊在20世紀(jì)60年代創(chuàng)立的，是新興的腦科學(xué)，剛開(kāi)始只是作為一種新的筆記方法，后來(lái)逐漸發(fā)展成為一種思維工具和學(xué)習(xí)方法。下面小編整理了英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖,希望大家喜歡!
英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖1
英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖2
英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)的思維導(dǎo)圖3
英語(yǔ)的八大時(shí)態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
例： every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
He watches Tv once a week .
2) 表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina.
3) 格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/p>
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、個(gè)性或愛(ài)好。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.
第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)，last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now,等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué)了。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含義：她已不在人間。)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2)表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3)瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)一定表示將來(lái)的含義。
瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。
We are arriving at London.
持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)需要加表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或有將來(lái)的語(yǔ)境時(shí)才能表將來(lái)。
I am travelling next month.
4)與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過(guò)去的狀語(yǔ)連用。
例如：(just)then 那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí);at this/that time 在這/那時(shí) yesterday afternoon昨天下午;at nine 在九點(diǎn);last night 昨晚;(at)this time yesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候
但在不少情況下，沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么?
I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。
They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們?cè)谔?a href='http://www.zbfsgm.com/yundong/zuqiu/' target='_blank'>足球。
2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書(shū)。
They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。
3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，同樣，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語(yǔ)中。
Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿恕?/p>
She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她問(wèn)他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來(lái)吃。
4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always forever， continually， constantly等連用時(shí)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛(ài)等情緒。
My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others. (表示贊揚(yáng))
5、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……
2)will do
表示主觀意愿做某事。
I will see a movie this morning.
表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來(lái)。
Fish will die without water.
表示臨時(shí)決定。
——Mom, where is the newspaper?
——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.
3) be going to +do
表示計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
表示有跡象要發(fā)生的事
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.
6、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
He said he would go to Beijing the
I didn't know if she was going to come。
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before
I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。)
2)表示：過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。
標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since…ago
I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語(yǔ)了。
(六年前開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)
3) have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別
have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來(lái)
have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了
have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用
如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過(guò)沈陽(yáng)。
He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽(yáng)10年了。
Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽(yáng)了嗎?
4)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。
這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。
但能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。
arrive, come → be here,
die → be dead
finish, end → be over
go out → be out
join → be in
borrow→keep
finish/end →be over
close →be closed
leave, move → be away
fall asleep → be asleep
8、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1)以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
2)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
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