高考英語必備的語法知識點有哪些
高考英語必備的語法知識點有哪些
英語是高考必考科目,為了高考必須提高英語成績,而語法知識又是英語的基礎點,只有學好了英語的語法知識,才能提高英語成績。下面是小編分享的高考英語必備的語法知識點,一起來看看吧。
高考英語必備的語法知識點
1、常見連接詞
(1)表選擇關系或對等關系的連接詞:either…or…,neither…nor…,or,aswellas,and,both…and….
(2)表因果關系的連接詞:therefore,so,asaresult,astheresultof,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto等。
(3)表時間順序的連接詞:
the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.
(4)表轉折關系的連接詞:yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the otherhand,however,at the same time等。
(5)表解釋說明的連接詞:that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example,for instance,and soon,etc,
and the like,and what not等。
(6)表總結的連接詞:in aword,onthe whole,in short,to sumup,in all等
2、主語
主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。在原始的簡單句中,主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
3、謂語
謂語(動詞):謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下:
1.簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:He practices running every morning.
2.復合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如:We are students.
在英語中一個簡單句只能有一個謂語動詞(知道為什么嗎),而且,我們平時學習的時態(tài)是針對謂語動詞來說。如果以do為例,do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在簡單句中,謂語動詞和主語是句子的核心,是不可以隨意刪掉的。
4、賓語
3、賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
5、表語
4、表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
高考英語??颊Z法知識點
一、動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)題(大家應該記住我所講過的九種時態(tài),特別是其中的過去完成,過去進行時,客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時等)
1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.
2、By the time we got there, the play had already begun.
3、When I was a child, I knew that the earth turns about its axis.
4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day’s exhausting work, his wife and children were sleeping.
二、非謂語動詞題(特別是現(xiàn)在分詞與過時分詞的區(qū)別,大家一定要弄明白主動與被動這對最最重要的區(qū)別,要求大家多看我的上課筆記)
1、The film showed last night was very moving. (不用moved,大家別忘了-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別)
2、Having finishing his lecture, the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.
3、The problem being discussed is very important.
4、Given more time, we are sure to finish it.
5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here?
三、 It作形式主語及形式賓語題(這也是一個??键c,it本身是沒有意思的,注意it還可以指時間,天氣等。)
1、It is difficult to study English well.
2、We think it is important to pass the exam.
四、 強調句型(大家要記住的是it is (was)…….that….,如果前面是it is/was 后面往往選用that,當然強調人的時候也可用who)
1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her.
2、It is what you will do that is important.
3、When was it that he bought a new car?
五、 倒裝句型
全部倒裝句(這種全部倒裝題歷年只考過一次,考得最多的都是下面的部分倒裝)
1、Stop talking! There comes the teacher.
部分倒裝句(如果選項里面有兩個主謂倒裝了,兩個沒有,我們一般要在倒裝里做選擇)
1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.
2、Not only does he study well, but also he is always ready to help others.
3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam.
高考英語的語法技巧
動詞
(1)如果所給詞是動詞,空格前是名詞或代詞,比較復雜的時候是動名詞、不定式或者主語從句,那么這個空一定是缺謂語,所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如the young man ________(present)the water to the old.根據(jù)上下文可以判斷是一般過去式presented.
(2)如果句子不缺謂語,而所給詞又是動詞,如果能排除是詞形轉換題的話,那么這個空一定是非謂語動詞。學生要清楚的知道非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞以及他們的被動式和完成時等。同時要記住動詞不定式在句子中可以充當除了謂語之外的所有句子成分,多數(shù)情況下,動詞不定式表示動作還未發(fā)生;動名詞可以在句子中做主語、賓語、表語和定語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語、狀語、補語和表語。同時,現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動作正在進行,和邏輯主語是主謂關系,而過去分詞表示動作已完成或者和邏輯主語是動賓關系。
基本知識掌握后,還要關注上下文中提供的關鍵詞來判斷是哪種非謂語動詞形式,比如watch,see, notice,hear等詞,那么有doing 和do 兩種情況,諸如此類的加動詞不定式和動名詞的單詞和短語學生都積累了不少,所以只要做題時加以關注,還是沒有問題的?,F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的判定比不定式和動名詞要難,但是,只要記住固定句式結構之外就是要找準動詞和邏輯主語之間的關系,尤其是主句之前或者之后出現(xiàn)了逗號這種情況,尤其要引起注意。如he spit it out, ______(say)it was awful.(saying)
名詞
名詞在語法填空中出現(xiàn)的幾率比較低,但是名詞卻是做自由填空的一個非常重要的參照物。名詞在提示性填空部分,最可能出現(xiàn)的題就是動詞轉化成名詞這種形式。但是學生必須明確名詞的特點。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面必須有三類修飾限定詞:a.必須有a/an,the;b.必須有形容詞性的物主代詞;c.必須有指示代詞this或者that以及不定代詞。三者是必有其一,互不兼容。不可數(shù)名詞最顯著的特點就是不能與a/an連用,但是英語中要注意一詞多義的情況(如抽象名詞具體化)。
形容詞和副詞
首先,要讓學生確切的知道,形容詞在句子中充當?shù)木渥映煞趾退幬恢谩.形容詞可以放在名詞前面做定語;b.形容詞可以在系動詞后面作表語;c.形容詞可以放在賓語后做賓語補足語。副詞在句子中所充當?shù)木渥映煞趾退幍奈恢?。a.副詞放在動詞的前后做動詞狀語;b.副詞放在形容詞前做形容詞的狀語;c.副詞放在副詞前面做狀語。這樣,學生會比較明確的判斷句子所缺的是什么。如,his teacher took a deep drink, smiled______(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(warmly)
其次,要明確形容詞和副詞之間的詞性和詞形轉換。根據(jù)前文,學生能夠判斷句子卻的是形容詞還是副詞之后,根據(jù)上下文邏輯結構和句子意思,通過加減前后綴的辦法把題目做正確。如2010年廣東卷考查了副詞warmly: ... His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water...另外,2007年廣東卷考查了副詞merrily:...We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night... 第三,注意形容詞和副詞的比較級別,同級比較用as...as...和not so...as...,其中要加形容詞副詞的原級。用形容詞和副詞取決于前面的動詞是系動詞還是實義動詞;比較級有比較連詞than或者根據(jù)上下文判斷有隱性的比較;最高級前面有標志性的詞the。
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