托?？荚囎鳛橐环N基本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試,一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多著名高等院校招生部門(mén)和各類(lèi)機(jī)構(gòu)人力資源部門(mén)選拔人才的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。托福考試其中一項(xiàng)就是寫(xiě)作能力的考核。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的17年9月17日托福寫(xiě)作解析，希望對(duì)你有用!

　　17年9月17日托福寫(xiě)作解析

　　Writing 1綜合

　　Nacza Lines為什么形成的三種理論：

　　1.用來(lái)記錄星象變化，因?yàn)橛行﹫D案像天上的星星。

　　但教授反駁還有無(wú)數(shù)的圖案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且僅有的那些像的圖案也只是巧合而已。

　　2. 一種表達(dá)文化的藝術(shù)形式，因?yàn)楹軌延^。

　　教授反駁說(shuō)在高處看確實(shí)很壯觀，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能識(shí)別，所以不可能是人為創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品。

　　3. 是人們賽跑的軌道，因?yàn)橛泻芏嗳说淖阚E。

　　教授反駁說(shuō)這些足跡很復(fù)雜，還包含了動(dòng)物的腳印，很難定位，而且不一定是用來(lái)賽跑的，可能是人們進(jìn)行宗教儀式時(shí)留下來(lái)的。

　　如下是閱讀聽(tīng)力原文

　　2016.6.25

　　綜合寫(xiě)作

　　The straight lines and the central shape with straight line are “Nazca Lines”

　　The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a series of images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images, many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering several kilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the top layer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lighter soil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theories have been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.

　　One theory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomical calendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortest number of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. This theory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, that on the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a single long line drawn in the desert.

　　Another theory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumental art form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in the region. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstrate their power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massive pyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out of stone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images were built for similar reasons--to impress others.

　　A third theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence that people traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation that the Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groups of individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca images are ancient racetracks.

　　Listening

　　The three theories that you read give some very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up well unto the examination.

　　First, about the Nazca Lines as indicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that the vast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in the sky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds of Nazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, a few line up. That would happen just by chance.

　　Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, it is certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive really only when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standing on the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. The landscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on the ground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their great height them makes them visible and impressive.

　　Third, the idea that people were using the lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals. There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are too complex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for the evidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but we know that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca line played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking along the line.

　　Writing 2

　　2017年9月17日獨(dú)立作文：

　　A lot of high school students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?

　　-asking parents to help stop the students from cheating

　　-penalty or punishment to the students

　　-asking teacher to create homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated

　　今天的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作是久違了的三選一題目，ETS出的題目越來(lái)越接地氣，考察防止高中生作弊哪種方法最有效。這種題型的思路是選擇一個(gè)支持的說(shuō)明理由，并解釋為什么不支持其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　這道題假如選擇第三個(gè)，我們可以找到理由是老師可以布置開(kāi)放性的家庭作業(yè)，學(xué)生可以去圖書(shū)館查閱資料，整理形成presentation或者寫(xiě)paper，這樣學(xué)生就不太容易作弊。

　　第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)--父母幫助孩子防止作弊—可能作用不太大，是因?yàn)橛行┘议L(zhǎng)本身受教育程度不高沒(méi)法進(jìn)行有效的指導(dǎo);甚至有的父母會(huì)為了孩子在學(xué)業(yè)中拿到比較高的成績(jī)會(huì)幫助孩子做作業(yè)，這就起不到防止作弊的效果。

　　第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)—處罰—也起不到作用是因?yàn)樘幜P過(guò)輕起不到震懾作用，處罰過(guò)重比如開(kāi)除學(xué)籍可能會(huì)給學(xué)生帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響，甚至心理素質(zhì)不好的學(xué)生會(huì)跳樓自殺等等。

　　托福寫(xiě)作得高分的4個(gè)要點(diǎn)

　　1.托福寫(xiě)作的考些什么?

　　托福寫(xiě)作包括兩部分，需在50分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。

　　第一部分是綜合寫(xiě)作，以閱讀和聽(tīng)力材料為基礎(chǔ)的寫(xiě)作試題，寫(xiě)作時(shí)間為20分鐘?？忌紫刃枰喿x一篇學(xué)術(shù)篇章，閱讀的時(shí)間是3分鐘。然后文章隱去，考生需要聽(tīng)一段大約為2分鐘左右的與閱讀主題相關(guān)的演講。之后考生需要針對(duì)閱讀和演講中的觀點(diǎn)作文，總結(jié)并說(shuō)明演講的內(nèi)容與閱讀中觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)系，在20分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成一篇150~225字的文章。

　　第二部分是獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，需要考生根據(jù)自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)陳述、解釋并支持對(duì)待某一問(wèn)題的某個(gè)看法，考查綜合語(yǔ)言技能的作文題目的評(píng)分以回答的質(zhì)量、完整性和準(zhǔn)確性為依據(jù)。在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇300字以上的文章。

　　一般情況下如果你的時(shí)間充裕，小編建議大家能多寫(xiě)盡量多寫(xiě)，并不是網(wǎng)上有些人說(shuō)的多寫(xiě)怕出錯(cuò)，小編認(rèn)為的多寫(xiě)并不是沒(méi)話找話，這里講的多寫(xiě)是要考生讓文章更加完整的情況下去填充內(nèi)容，讓寫(xiě)作文章更加的豐富。

　　2.托福寫(xiě)作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是怎樣的?

　　托福寫(xiě)作評(píng)分包括機(jī)器評(píng)分以及人工評(píng)分兩部分。

　　機(jī)器評(píng)分主要通過(guò)E-rater，對(duì)考生文章的語(yǔ)法是否正確、用詞是否得當(dāng)、以及單詞拼寫(xiě)及大小寫(xiě)是否準(zhǔn)確等方面進(jìn)行評(píng)分;一篇考生的文章會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)兩臺(tái)機(jī)器評(píng)分。

　　人工評(píng)分通過(guò)ETS閱卷人評(píng)分，綜合寫(xiě)作和獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作分別有兩位閱卷人給出分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　托福寫(xiě)作原始分?jǐn)?shù)為0-5分，考生得分分為三個(gè)level(如下圖所示)：GOOD(4.0-5.0)，F(xiàn)AIR(2.5-3.5)，LIMITED(1.0-2.0)，最終成績(jī)通過(guò)兩個(gè)科目的分?jǐn)?shù)取平均分，再換算為30分制的分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　3.怎么從5分轉(zhuǎn)化為30分?

　　具體換算大家可以參考一下下面這張圖片：

　　4.托福寫(xiě)作評(píng)分0-5分的依據(jù)是什么?

　　托福5分作文

　　文章切題，闡說(shuō)充分，文章有說(shuō)服力;段落組織有序，銜接緊密，過(guò)渡自然，有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性;段落內(nèi)句與句連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)，靈活，嫻熟;用詞確切，得體。文章中有個(gè)別語(yǔ)法拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，但不影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)。

　　托福4分作文

　　文章切題，闡說(shuō)基本充分，在某些細(xì)節(jié)上有缺陷。段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密，過(guò)渡自然，邏輯性強(qiáng);句間連接順暢，句式使用恰當(dāng)，靈活;用詞基本得體。文章中有少量用詞不當(dāng)和語(yǔ)法拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。

　　托福3分作文

　　文章切題，闡說(shuō)尚可，展開(kāi)不夠。段落層次組織有序，銜接緊密，過(guò)渡自然，有邏輯性;句間連接基本順暢;有部分句法錯(cuò)誤;用詞一般，有時(shí)不得體。詞性區(qū)分和拼寫(xiě)等有若干錯(cuò)誤。

　　托福2分作文

　　文章切題，段落組織基本合理，有邏輯性，但只存在于語(yǔ)義層次上，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上未能體現(xiàn);句子框架結(jié)構(gòu)基本成立，但有許多語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，句間聯(lián)系不順暢，往往是不善于使用邏輯連詞，顯得幼稚，生硬。詞匯方面拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤多，常有用詞不得體現(xiàn)象。

　　托福1分作文

　　文章切題。闡說(shuō)沒(méi)有展開(kāi)，只限于三言兩語(yǔ)地回答問(wèn)題;沒(méi)有段落組織，很亂，長(zhǎng)度很短，只有一段;句子排列有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，能看出各句基本框架，但結(jié)構(gòu)或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較多;用詞不得體，拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤多。

　　托福0分作文

　　文章各方面都有嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，句子不像句子。總體印象是根本沒(méi)有寫(xiě)作能力，英語(yǔ)水平太低，達(dá)不到一分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能打最低分。

　　以上這4點(diǎn)大家備考時(shí)需要謹(jǐn)記，這樣才能更加充分的備考托福寫(xiě)作，以至獲得更高的托福分?jǐn)?shù)，希望這些對(duì)大家托福寫(xiě)作備考都有幫助。最后，小編預(yù)祝大家托?？荚嚹苋〉美硐氲某煽?jī)。

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