2019中考英語情態(tài)動詞的知識點復習
2019中考英語情態(tài)動詞的知識點復習
英語的情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義,表示 語氣的單詞,下面學習啦小編為大家?guī)砹?019中考英語情態(tài)動詞的知識點復習,歡迎閱讀!
情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法小結
(一)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也許,或許)。
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
這不可能是校長,他去美國了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認識那位科學家。
3.疑問句中用can/could (能……?)。
(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務完成了嗎?
(2)Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?
注:以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。
(二)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)
1.對將來情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。
2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞 + be”,“情態(tài)動詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向準時,這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?
3.對過去情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞 + have +過去分詞”。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
門鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book?
難道他找到書了嗎?
注:情態(tài)動詞 should /ought to表推測時,意為“想必會,理應……”但與“have +過去分詞”連用時,則又可構成虛擬語氣意為“本應該做某事卻沒做”。例如:
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
現(xiàn)在七點鐘了,杰克理應隨時到達。(推測)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬) 她本該出席你的生日晚會的,可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虛擬) 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他并無惡意。
情態(tài)動詞重點疑難
1.need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞,也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時,可用于各種句式。
1.用作情態(tài)動詞
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要來嗎? --需要。
You needn´t telephone him now. 你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。
I don´t think you need worry. 我想你不必發(fā)愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個人出去。
How dare you say I´m unfair? 你竟敢說我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰也不敢提這件事。
2.用作實義動詞
You don´t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬頭看。
I dare say he´ll come again. 我想他會再來的。 (cI dare say…為固定習語)
情態(tài)動詞幾組詞的辨異
1. can 和be able to
1)情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could,而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.
瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。
2)用在過去時中,could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事,事實上不一定去做,而was∕were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。
He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn´t feel like it that day.
他能游過英吉利海峽,但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must表示主觀意志,而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式,除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間,在直接引語中表示過去時間應該用had to代替。
I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。
3. would和used to
1)used to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同,而would只表過去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.
過去人們認為地球是平的。(現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。)
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在鄉(xiāng)下時,她總是在早晨去散會兒步。(可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習慣。)
2)used to可表示過去的習慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況,而would只表示過去的習慣動作。
He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 過去他寫東西時常抽煙。
She used to be fat. 她過去很胖
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