仁愛版八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)期中考試復(fù)習(xí)資料(3)
仁愛版八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)期中考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:重要句型
1、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形,be為am,is或are時(shí),為一般將來時(shí)態(tài),表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
?、俦硎敬蛩?、計(jì)劃做某事 (有時(shí)譯成“要做某事”)
如I am going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
?、诟鶕?jù)一定跡象,預(yù)測將發(fā)生某事。
如Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
2、①see sb. do sth.意為“看見某人做某事”。
表示看見事件、行動(dòng)的全過程,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
表示經(jīng)常看到某人做某事也要用see sb. do sth.
如I saw her cross the road.
I often see you play basketball after school.
②see sb. doing sth. 意為“看到某人正在做某事”
強(qiáng)調(diào)事件、行動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行。
如 I saw her dancing at this time yesterday.
昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我看見她正在跳舞。
3、hope+賓語從句
如 I hope our team will win. 我希望我們的隊(duì)會(huì)贏。
4、Me, too. 我也一樣。
5、— Which sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?
(騎自行車和劃船相比,你更喜歡哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)?)
— I prefer rowing.
6、— Do you row much? (你經(jīng)常劃船嗎?)
— Yes, quite a bit/quite a lot./ No, seldom .
(是的,常常。/不,很少。)
7、I like Yao Ming best. 我最喜歡姚明。(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上在比較)
I like Yao Ming better.我比較喜歡姚明。(兩個(gè)在比較)
8、Do you know anything about him?
①肯定句用something,如I’d like to have something to eat.
②否定句和一般疑問句用anything,
如 I don’t want to eat anything.
Do you know anything about him?
?、鄣绻潜硎菊?qǐng)求或建議的疑問句要用something。
如 Would you like something to drink?
What about something to eat?
9、He and McGrady both play for the Houston Rockets in the NBA.
①“兩者”用both,“三者或三者以上”用all
② play for a team為某球隊(duì)效力
in a team(英式英語)在某球隊(duì)打球
on a team(美式英語)在某球隊(duì)打球
10、I’m going to be a basketball player like him. [ like him作后置定語]
我打算成為像他一樣的籃球選手。
11、What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長大以后想當(dāng)什么?
“When+一個(gè)句子”,英語里把它稱為“由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句”,用來表示什么時(shí)候。 當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。如本句中的“when you grow up”用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),來表示將來(長大以后)。
【注意】有些個(gè)別單詞(如 want, can等等)雖然用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),但表示的也是將來的事,這時(shí)候時(shí)間狀語從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。
如:I want to be a doctor when I grow up.
(相當(dāng)于I am going to be a doctor when I grow up.)
He hopes to be a singer when he grows up.我們長大以后就可以開車。
12、He is one of the best runners in the world.
?、賝ne of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“……之一”
?、?ldquo;one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如 One of the students is my good friend.
【解析】 有的同學(xué)看到the students是復(fù)數(shù)的,就以為要用are,其實(shí)應(yīng)該用is才對(duì)。為什么要用is呢,因?yàn)榻樵~短語of the students是作后置定語(修飾one),one才是主語,所以要用單數(shù)的is。
再如:One of them plays basketball every day.
主語是one,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
13、She won two gold medals twice.
她贏得兩枚金牌贏了兩次。(所以總共是贏得四枚金牌)
14、Liu Xiang took part in both the Athens and Beijing Olympics.
“both…and…”用來連接兩個(gè)并列成份。當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)并列主語是,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 Both Li Ming and I are students.
15、She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.
⑴spend…(in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)……(時(shí)間/金錢)做某事
?、苨pend…on sth. 花費(fèi)……(時(shí)間/金錢)在某事物上
例:①She spends half an hour (in) doing exercise in the gym every day.
= She spends half an hour on exercise in the gym every day.
?、赟he spends a lot of money (in)buying clothes.
=She spends a lot of money on clothes.
16、Now she plays baseball pretty well. 現(xiàn)在她棒球打得相當(dāng)好。
[pretty well用來說明打棒球打得怎么樣]
17、She is good at jumping.
be good at sth. / doing sth.
如 ①She is good at English. 她擅長英語。
②He is good at playing basketball. 他擅長打籃球。
相當(dāng)于 He is good at basketball. 他擅長籃球。
18、There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
下周將有一個(gè)學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
[ 此句是there be句型用于be going to句型中。這里的there be句型是表示某時(shí)有某物,初一年我們常見there be句型表示某地有某物。]
19、They are sure that she will win. 他們確信她會(huì)贏。
20、It helps to keep her heart and lungs healthy.
它(游戲)有助于使她的心臟和肺保持健康。
[ help to do sth. 有助于做某事]
21、The team is going to play against China’s national team tomorrow.
明天這個(gè)球隊(duì)(大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆的球隊(duì))將和中國國家隊(duì)進(jìn)行一場比賽
[ 把the team看成一個(gè)整體,所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is ]
22、It’s too bad that the players aren’t going to stay for long.
隊(duì)員們不會(huì)久留,真遺憾。
[此句中的it是形式主語,真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的“the players aren’t going to stay for long”這件事。]
23、They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
他們將于后天動(dòng)身前往日本。
[此句是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。但并不是任何動(dòng)詞都有這種用法,英語中,表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, fly, start, arrive等,可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。其中come, leave和arrive要記得去e再加ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞,當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)別忘了動(dòng)詞be ]
24、— Could you please do me a favor? 請(qǐng)幫我個(gè)忙好嗎?
[用could表示委婉地請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事。]
— Sure.
25、— Will you join us? 你愿意加入我們嗎? [ will表示意愿 ]
— I’d be glad to.
26、I am not very good at it. 我不是很擅長它(足球)。
[ be good at sth. / doing sth. ]
例:① I am good at English.
?、?I am good at playing basketball.
= I am good at basketball.
27、— Would/Do you mind teaching me? 你介意教我嗎?
— Not at all. 一點(diǎn)也不介意。
[ ①用would比用do委婉 ② mind doing sth.介意做某事]
28、— Would/Do you mind if I open the window?
如果我打開窗戶你會(huì)介意嗎?
— Of course not./Certainly not. Please do.當(dāng)然不介意。請(qǐng)打開吧。
You’d better not. 你最好不要(打開窗戶)。
29、— Would/Do you mind not putting your bike here?
請(qǐng)你不要把自行車放在這里,好嗎?
— Sorry. I’ll put it somewhere else.
30、— Would you mind not throwing bottles around?
— I am sorry about that. I won’t do it again.
31、— Don’t be late next time. 下次請(qǐng)不要遲到。
— Sorry, I won’t. 對(duì)不起,我下次不會(huì)遲到了。
32、— Would you mind making your bed?
— Sorry. I’ll do it right away.
33、What do you mean by saying that? 你那么說是什么意思?
34、I didn’t want to miss the goal, either.
?、?肯定句要用also或too:
also要放在be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前
too常見放在句末,用逗號(hào)與前面隔開。
as well也放在句末,但一般不用逗號(hào)與前面隔開。
例 I am also a student.
I am a student,too.
?、?否定句要用either,放在句末,一般用逗號(hào)與前面隔開。
35、— I didn’t want to miss the goal, either. 我也不想失去這個(gè)球的。
— But you did. 但是你確實(shí)失掉了這個(gè)球。
[相當(dāng)于But you missed the goal.]
36、I am sorry for what I said. 我為我所說的話感到抱歉。
I am sorry for losing your book. 很抱歉把你的書丟了。
[ be sorry for sth. / doing sth. 為某事感到抱歉/后悔/遺憾 ]
37、It’s nothing. 沒關(guān)系/不要緊。
同義句:①Never mind. ②It doesn’t matter. ③That’s OK.
[ 別人道歉時(shí)的答語。That’s OK.還可用來回答別人的道謝。]
38、We believe you’ll do better next time. 我們相信你下次會(huì)做得更好。
39、Keep trying! 繼續(xù)努力!
40、We are sure to win next time. 我們下次一定贏。
[ be sure to do sth.確信/肯定要做某事(表將來)]
41、①I am sorry I didn’t call you last night. 很抱歉昨晚沒給你打電話。
[ be sorry + 一個(gè)句子]
此句中抱歉指的是現(xiàn)在很抱歉所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am),昨晚沒給你打電話是昨晚的事,所以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)(didn’t)
②I am sorry for what I said. 我為我所說的話感到抱歉。
[ be sorry for sth. ]
?、跧 am sorry for losing your book. 很抱歉把你的書丟了。
[ be sorry for doing sth. ]
for是介詞,所以后面的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)名詞才能作介詞for的賓語。
42、— I am quite sorry I broke your pen. Let me buy you a new one.
— Never mind. I have another one.
【解析】
?、?one所指代的事物與前文提到的事物是同類的事物,但不是同一個(gè)。
⑵ another的用法:
?、?再一個(gè)(在原來的基礎(chǔ)上增加的,與原來的人或事物是同一類型的)
例 I am going to have another cup of coffee. 我打算再喝一杯咖啡。
?、诹硪粋€(gè)(強(qiáng)調(diào)與原來的人或事物不是同一個(gè),而是泛指另一個(gè)。)
例 We finally moved to another city. 最后我們搬到另一個(gè)城市。
【區(qū)別】 the other(另一個(gè))是特指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)(總數(shù)只有兩個(gè))。another是泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的另一個(gè)(分兩種情況,一種是知道總數(shù)是三個(gè),另一種是只知道總數(shù)超過三個(gè),但不知確切數(shù)字)。
例 ① I have two pens. One is black, the other is red.
② I don’t like this pen, please give me another (one)
43、That book wasn’t important to me. 那本書對(duì)我來說不重要。
44、I’ll be in Korea. 我將會(huì)在韓國 [在課文中可譯成“我將去韓國”]。
45、I enjoy playing table tennis in different countries.
我喜歡在不同的國家打乒乓球。
[ ①enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 ②country變復(fù)數(shù)countries ]
【聯(lián)想】enjoy oneself 玩得高興,過得愉快
例 We enjoyed ourselves at Kangkang’s birthday party.
46、【區(qū)別】①exciting用來表示某事物本身具有令人興奮的性質(zhì)特征
?、趀xcited用來表示某人因某事感到興奮。
?、資ou have a very exciting life now. 你現(xiàn)在過著令人興奮的生活。
[ 你現(xiàn)在所過的生活具有令人興奮的性質(zhì)特征 ]
?、贓veryone in our class felt very excited because we were the winners.
我們班每個(gè)人感到興奮,因?yàn)槲覀兪谦@勝者。
[ 我們班每人因我們是獲勝者感到興奮 ]
47、【區(qū)別】①tiring用來表示事物本身具有令人感到累的性質(zhì)特征。
②tired用來表示某人因某事感到累。
①M(fèi)y life is tiring as well. 我的生活也很累人。
[ 我所過的生活具有令人感到累的性質(zhì)特征。]
② I am very tired . 我很累。[我因某事感到累。]
48、I started playing table tennis when I was about seven years old.
[ start doing sth.開始做某事 ]
49、He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play even in bad weather.他為學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種室內(nèi)游戲,以便他們即使在糟糕的天氣也能玩。[ so that + 一個(gè)句子, 表示目的。意為“以便……”]
50、You can throw the ball with one hand or both hands.
?、賥ith…,意為“用……” ② both + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
51、Healthy eating habits and running help to build me up.
健康的飲食習(xí)慣和跑步有助于增強(qiáng)我的體質(zhì)。
[ help to do sth. 有助于做某事 ]
52、I have great fun running. 我從跑步中獲得很大樂趣。
[ have fun doing sth. 從做某事中獲得樂趣 ]
53、Running has become my favorite sport. 跑步已經(jīng)成為我最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
[ 只有一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語,動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 ]
54、That’s very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.
你真是太好了,但我自己能處理。
55、I will take part in the school sports meet. 我將參加學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
[ will + 動(dòng)詞原形,表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) ]
56、I’ll be in the long jump and the high jump. 我將參加跳遠(yuǎn)和跳高。
[ be in + 活動(dòng),意為“參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”,同義:take part in, join in ]
57、I hope so. 我希望如此。
58、That’s great! 太棒了!
59、I’m sure our school sports meet will be exciting. [ be sure + 一個(gè)句子 ]
我確信我們的學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將讓人很興奮。
60、What will you do in the sports meet? 你將在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上做什么?
61、It’s my first time to take part in the high jump.
這是我第一次參加跳高比賽。
[ It’s one’s first time to do sth. 是某人第一次做某事 ]
62、I think I’ll have lots of fun. 我想我將從中獲得許多樂趣。
[ ①have fun玩得高興,過得愉快,相當(dāng)于have a good time或enjoy oneself ②have fun with sb.和某人玩得高興 ③區(qū)別:have fun doing sth.從做某事中獲得樂趣 ]
63、I’m ready for the long jump. [ be ready for… (為……準(zhǔn)備好) ]
64、I’ll do my best. 我會(huì)盡最大努力。
[ ① do one’s best 盡某人最大努力 ② do one’s best to do sth.盡某人最大努力去做某事。如 I’ll do my best to learn English. ]
65、I want to be in the boy’s relay race. 我想?yún)⒓幽凶咏恿悺?/p>
[ want to do sth. 想要做要事 ]
66、Maybe I’ll make many friends during the sports meet.
Perhaps she will win.
[ ①maybe/perhaps(“也許,可能”之意)常放在句首。修飾整個(gè)句子。Maybe與perhaps同義,但在書面語中,人們經(jīng)常更喜歡用perhaps, 因?yàn)樗容^正式一點(diǎn)。②注意maybe與may be的區(qū)別:maybe是一個(gè)副詞,“也許,可能”之意,常放在句首,修飾整個(gè)句子。而may be中的may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,may be意為“可能是……”或“可能在……”]
67、I’ll join in the teachers’ relay race.我將參加教師接力賽。
[ join in + 活動(dòng),與“take part in / be in +活動(dòng)”同義 ]
68、— Hello, is that Michael? 你好,你是邁克爾嗎?
— Speaking. 是的。 [ 相當(dāng)于 This is Michael speaking. ]
?、?通電話時(shí),想知道對(duì)方身份,不能用you。比如,不能說:Are you Michael?或 Who are you?,而應(yīng)該說Is that Michael (speaking) ?或Who’s that (speaking) ?
?、?通電話時(shí),想告訴對(duì)方你的身份時(shí),不能用I。比如,不能說:I am Li Ming.應(yīng)該說This is Li Ming (speaking).
69、The school sports meet is coming tomorrow.校運(yùn)會(huì)明天即將到來。
[ 此句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。參看重要句型第23小點(diǎn)。]
70、Let’s go together. 讓我們一起去吧。 [ let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 ]
71、① — What shall we take? 我們帶些什么呢?
— We’ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.
② — Shall I take my camera? 我?guī)鄼C(jī)好嗎?/要不要我?guī)鄼C(jī)?
— Good idea.好主意。
③ — When shall we meet?
— Let’s make it half past six.
?、?— Where shall we meet? 我們?cè)谀囊娒姘?
— At my house. 在我家。
[shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主要用于第一人稱的疑問句中,表示征詢意見。]
72、①Let’s make it half past six. 讓我們定在六點(diǎn)半吧。
② — What time is it? / What’s the time?
— It’s half past six.
?、?— What time will it begin?
— At half past three. ( It will begin at half past three. )
[ 表示在幾點(diǎn)做某事要加at,如③;注意①②不要加at ]
73、① Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympics in 1984.
②Class 4 is first.
?、?His class won first place.
[序數(shù)詞前一般要用定冠詞the,但也有的例外,如②③ ]
74、— Congratulations!
— Thank you.
75、There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.
今天下午將有另一場激動(dòng)人心的接力賽。
[ there be句型用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài):
?、賂here will be…
?、赥here is going to be… ]
76、Here are two pages from Kangkang’s diary. 這里有兩頁康康的日記。
77、I hope some day I’ll be able to take part in the Olympic Games.
我希望將來有一天我能參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
[ ① be able to do sth. 表示有能力做某事,can也可以表示有能力做某事,但can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài),而be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。
He is able to dance. = He can dance.
He was able to dance. = He could dance.
He will be able to dance next year. (不能說 He will can dance next year.)
② some day 將來某一天,也可以說someday ]
78、Kangkang hopes to be a soccer player when he grows up.
康康希望自己長大后當(dāng)一名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
[ 時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來 ]
79、The People’s Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952. 中華人民共和國在1952年第一次參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
[ do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事 ]
【聯(lián)想】It’s one’s first time to do sth. 是某人第一次做某事。
It’s my first time to take part in the high jump.
這是我第一次參加跳高比賽。
80、The Olympic rings stand for the five parts of the world.
[ stand for… (代表……) ]
81、— What’s wrong with you? / What’s the matter with you?
你怎么啦?
— I have a toothache.
我牙痛。
82、I’m sorry to hear that. 聽到這個(gè)消息我很難過。
83、①You should see a dentist. ②You shouldn’t read too long.
你應(yīng)該看牙醫(yī)。 你不應(yīng)該看書太久。
[ should / shouldn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 (應(yīng)該/不應(yīng)該…… ) ]
84、I hope you’ll get well soon. 我希望你快點(diǎn)好起來。
85、I’m feeling terrible! 我感覺很難受/不舒服。
86、— How long have you been like this? 你這樣多久了?
— Two days. ( 完整回答:I have been like this for two days. )
87、①You’d better go to see a doctor. ② You’d better not work too long.
你最好去看醫(yī)生。 你最好不要工作太久。
[ had better / had better not + 動(dòng)詞原形 (最好做某事/最好不要做某事)]
88、— How are you feeling, Nick? 尼克,你現(xiàn)在感覺怎么樣?
— Not so well. 不是很好。
89、I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃東西。
[ feel like doing sth. 想要做某事, 感覺要做某事]
【聯(lián)想】 want to do sth. 想要做某事
90、I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜咳嗽。
91、Why don’t you have a good rest? 你為什么不好好休息一下呢?
[“Why don’t you/we + 動(dòng)詞原形…?”用來提建議 ]
92、What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? 怎么了?
93、I have a sore throat. 我喉嚨痛。 I have sore eyes. 我眼睛痛。
94、You shouldn’t / had better not eat so much candy.
你不應(yīng)該 / 最好不要吃這么多糖果。
95、You shouldn’t / had better not work on the Internet so long.
你不應(yīng)該 / 最好不要上網(wǎng)這么久/那么久。
96、You should / had better take good care of your eyes.
你應(yīng)該 / 最好保護(hù)好你的眼睛。
97、practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事
Today we’re going to practice parking.今天我們要練習(xí)停放車輛。
98、— How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎么樣?
— Not too bad. 不太糟/還行。
99、Don’t worry. 別擔(dān)心。
100、Your X-rays show it’s nothing serious. [劃線部分作賓語,是賓語從句]
你的X光片顯示它沒什么大礙。
101、— Don’t move your leg too much.
字面意思:不要移動(dòng)你的腿太多。
習(xí)慣譯成:不要讓你的腿動(dòng)得太多。
— All right. 好的。