初一英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總24條
初一英語(yǔ)有哪些重要的知識(shí)呢?接下來(lái)是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)的初一英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總24條,供大家參考。
初一英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總24條:
1.in/on
在表示空間位置時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi),on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。
例如:There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事,those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子,我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。
I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車,不是那一輛。
Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。
This is mine; that’s yours. 這個(gè)是我的,那個(gè)是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果,那些是橘子。
(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如:
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)?
3. There be/ have
There be "有",其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ),be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如:
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果。
總之,There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞,與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如:
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟,一個(gè)姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作,表示有意識(shí)地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對(duì)方注意。,如:
Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。
Look! What’s that over there? 看!那邊那個(gè)是什么?
單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語(yǔ),如:
He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。
(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動(dòng)詞,后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如:
What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。
5. house/ home/family
house :“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成員”。例如:Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。
He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?/p>
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ),而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于:
(1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)",形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康",也 可以用來(lái)指"天氣晴朗"。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。
That's a fine machine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。
(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。
例如:Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品德好",形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如:Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。
The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。
(4)well只可用來(lái)形容人的"身體好",但不能作定語(yǔ),它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ),多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如:I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好,謝謝。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。
7. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That’s right意為“對(duì)的”,表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如:"I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。"
"That's right."或 "You're right.""說(shuō)得對(duì)"。
That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”,用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如:
"Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."
All right.意為“行了”、“可以”,表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”
"Please tell me about it." "請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。" "All right.""好吧。"
Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎?
8. make/do
這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎?
He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。
9. say/speak/talk/tell
say:是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞,意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)道”,著重所說(shuō)的話。如:
“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō),“我要坐汽車到那里去。”Please say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。
speak : “說(shuō)話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如:Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況?I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。
speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí),只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用,表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。
如:She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。
talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作,而不著重所說(shuō)的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 不過(guò),talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的,有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。
tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如:He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。
tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如:.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
10. do cooking/ do the cooking
do cooking 作“做飯”解,屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞,不能用作復(fù)數(shù),但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ):do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚
從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ),不能用some, much或定冠詞。
go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳
11. like doing sth./ like to do sth.
like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性;后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如:
He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球,但是他不喜歡和李明踢。
12. other/ others/ the other/ another
other表其余的,別的,如:Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?
others 別的人,別的東西.如:In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。
the other表另一個(gè)(二者之中)one…,the other…如:One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。
another表三者以上的另一個(gè),另一些如:There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。
13. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西)落在樹上,表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí),要使用on the tree.如:There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。
14. some/ any
some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。
(1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如:
There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中,或在表示請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中,我們依然用some。如:Would you like some tea?
15. tall/ high
(1)說(shuō)人,動(dòng)物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high,例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬
(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí),要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時(shí),飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí),例如: He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。
(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以,不過(guò)high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副詞,tall不能。
(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.
16. can/ could
(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如:
Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you?要幫忙嗎?Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?
(2) can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的"懷疑""猜測(cè)"或不肯定。例如:
Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?
It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon,Tom,you've just had lunch.湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過(guò)午飯。
What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?
在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式。例如:You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。
--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?--- Of course,you can.當(dāng)然可以。
You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
(3) could
could 是 can的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問(wèn)句中)。例如:
The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。
At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。
could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:
Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎?