高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷類專題練習(xí)

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　　高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷類專題

　　A

　　[2015·黑龍江大慶質(zhì)檢二]We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don't move, they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything-at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.

　　Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose-to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.

　　In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.

　　The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm­killing HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.

　　It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.

　　人們傾向于認(rèn)為植物是大自然的裝飾品。它們不能移動(dòng)，不能發(fā)出聲響，看起來(lái)不對(duì)任何事情作出反應(yīng)。但是情況常常并非如此，植物一直都在說(shuō)話。

　　1.How do plants warn their neighbors?

　　A.They make use of winds.

　　B.They release some chemicals.

　　C.They identify the chemicals.

　　D.They are exposed early.

　　答案：B 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同種類的植物通過(guò)釋放一些化合物進(jìn)而幫助附近的植物，即B項(xiàng)正確。

　　2.What's the function of HexVic?

　　A.It damages the cutworm's body.

　　B.It shows up more.

　　C.It cures the disease.

　　D.It sprays over healthy plants.

　　答案：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm­killing HexVic”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A.there are not chemical signals

　　B.the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes

　　C.farmers may benefit from the further studies

　　D.plants are warned first by their neighbors

　　答案：C 考查推理判斷。由文章的最后一句可推知，通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)效率，農(nóng)民會(huì)從中受益，即C項(xiàng)正確。

　　4.The passage is likely to appear in________.

　　A.a newspaper advertisement

　　B.a physics textbook

　　C.a science magazine

　　D.a finance report

　　答案：C'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可推知，本文應(yīng)該是一篇科研報(bào)告性質(zhì)的文章，即C項(xiàng)正確。

　　1.furniture n. 家具;設(shè)備　　　2.explanation n. 解釋

　　3.expose vt. 揭露;使曝光 4.spray n./v. 噴射;噴霧器

　　5.confirm vt.確認(rèn);證實(shí)

　　1.tend to 傾向于，易于……

　　2.respond to 對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)

　　3.show up 出現(xiàn);露面

　　原文：But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.(主語(yǔ)從句)

　　譯文：但植物如何接收并按照這些信號(hào)行事仍舊是個(gè)迷。

　　仿寫(xiě)：What_made_him_most_excited was, I think, that he had passed all the exams.

　　我認(rèn)為使他最興奮的是，他已經(jīng)通過(guò)了所有的考試。

　　B

　　[2015·山東日照校際聯(lián)測(cè)]Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your work.

　　A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proofreading and problem­solving.

　　In an office­based experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.

　　The study also found that 81 percent completed their fastest work when music was played.

　　And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills.

　　Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 percent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs.

　　During proofreading, dance music, such as David Guetta's, had the biggest positive impact on participants increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all.

　　Dance music also had a positive effect on spell­checking with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played at all.

　　The research, undertaken by Brighton­based Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.

　　“The music experiment showed that when listening to music, nine out of ten people performed better，” said Dr. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International.

　　“Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep information, regulate their behavior, make good choices, solve problems, plan and adjust to changing mental demands，” a senior investigator of Mindlab International explained.

　　“While many schools are cutting music programs and spending more and more time on test preparations, our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future，” added Dr. David Lewis.

　　研究表明，合適的音樂(lè)對(duì)工作效率的提高有著積極的作用。

　　5.What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A.The positive relationship between music and work efficiency.

　　B.The speed and accuracy of problem­solving tasks.

　　C.The comparison of different kinds of music.

　　D.The experiment on productivity of office staff.

　　答案：A 考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段和第二段可知，合適的音樂(lè)有利于提高工作的效率，在辦公室聽(tīng)音樂(lè)可以提高數(shù)據(jù)輸入、校對(duì)及問(wèn)題解決的速度及準(zhǔn)確性，即音樂(lè)和工作效率之間的積極聯(lián)系，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　6.According to the passage, we can conclude that ________.

　　A.different kinds of music lead to the same effect

　　B.silent offices can make people perform better

　　C.listening to proper music can improve efficiency in offices

　　D.more tests prepare children for a better academic future

　　答案：C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三、四段和第五段的第一句“And it matters what type of music you listen to”可推知，工作效率的提高取決于聽(tīng)哪種類型的音樂(lè)，即合適的音樂(lè)有利于提高工作效率，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　7.What is the author's attitude towards school music programs?

　　A.Respectful.　　　　　　 B.Doubtful.

　　C.Tolerant. D.Supportive.

　　答案：D考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段中的“our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future”可知，作者認(rèn)為音樂(lè)培訓(xùn)課可以幫助學(xué)生處于更好的學(xué)業(yè)未來(lái)中，故對(duì)于學(xué)校的音樂(lè)課程，作者持支持的態(tài)度，選D項(xiàng)，supportive“支持的”。respectful“有禮貌的”;doubtful“不確定的，感到懷疑的”; tolerant“寬容的，容忍的”。

　　1.accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確;精確 2.undertake vt. 承擔(dān);從事

　　3.perform vt. 執(zhí)行;演奏 4.actually adv. 事實(shí)上

　　5.academic adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的;理論的

　　1.compared to 與……相比

　　2.have a positive effect on 對(duì)……有積極影響

　　3.adjust to 調(diào)整以適應(yīng)……

　　原文：In an office­based experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.(狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略)

　　譯文：在對(duì)辦公室人員的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，88%的參與者被發(fā)現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)能做最準(zhǔn)確的工作。

　　仿寫(xiě)：Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents,_are allowed to enter the stadium.

　　當(dāng)孩子被其父母陪伴時(shí)，他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。

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