英語單項(xiàng)填空陷阱題分類透析與演練及閱讀五大技巧

　　高二是高中學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，不僅課程任務(wù)重，而且很大程度上決定著學(xué)生今后的發(fā)展方向，以及能否考入理想的大學(xué)。有著豐富教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師，向大家傳授高二各學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)技巧，希望對(duì)高二學(xué)生掌握良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法、提高學(xué)習(xí)效率有所幫助。以下是英語學(xué)科的主要學(xué)習(xí)方法。

　　如何提升你的英語閱讀的五大技巧

　　當(dāng)你必須要閱讀英文時(shí)，你是否冒冷汗呢?剛開始閱讀一篇文章夾雜著不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯是會(huì)有壓迫感的，甚至對(duì)于非常有自信的讀者也是一樣。下面有五個(gè)有效的技巧可以幫助你的閱讀成為很有收獲的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而非患得患失。

　　事前的準(zhǔn)備

　　不要匆忙的就直接閱讀。在你開始閱讀前，先看一下標(biāo)題及圖片。這將給予你對(duì)于主題有很好的想法 , 并想想你已經(jīng)得知的訊息。下一步，推測一下這篇文章在說什么,想想你要學(xué)什么，然后寫下大概遇到的問題。為閱讀自我準(zhǔn)備是一種讓你預(yù)測到下一頁的方式。

　　第一次的接觸

　　現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)對(duì)于主題有一般的了解，你可以開始你的閱讀了。開始后就不要停止閱讀全篇文章。你目前不需要擔(dān)心細(xì)節(jié), 剛開始的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該試著抓到主旨在說什么, 這就是skimming。當(dāng)你閱讀完全部文章后，想想看你理解并且記住了多少。

　　詳細(xì)的閱讀

　　還記得你先前寫下的那些問題嗎?現(xiàn)在正是尋找答案的時(shí)候了。請(qǐng)?jiān)匍喿x一下文章，但是這一次需要慢一點(diǎn)及小心一點(diǎn)了。尋找一下跟你的問題有關(guān)的任何詞匯或句子。這就是scanning。如果你看到任何東西你認(rèn)為有興趣或是重要的，那就用筆注記起來。一旦你完成了，你對(duì)于文章應(yīng)該更了解。

　　詞匯、詞匯、詞匯!

　　你不需要了解每一個(gè)詞匯來了解文章在說什么。找出你不知道的關(guān)鍵字或句子然后試著寫下來。但是請(qǐng)不要現(xiàn)在就拿起字典來!試著利用文章上下文來猜詞匯。在你已經(jīng)猜過之后，那就拿起字典來查看你到底猜對(duì)程度多少。你一定會(huì)感到莫名的驚喜的!

　　最后的閱讀

　　在這個(gè)時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該更清楚這篇文章在說什么了。再閱讀一次。你現(xiàn)在可以專注任何陌生的文法架構(gòu)或句子型態(tài)上。當(dāng)你完成一切動(dòng)作后，坐下來想一想你今天學(xué)到的東西?，F(xiàn)在再看看其實(shí)沒有那么難嘛，不是嗎?

　　翻譯：

　　Do you break out into a sweat when you have to read in English? Staring at a page full of unfamiliar words can be overwhelming, even for the most confident of readers. Here are five useful tips that can help make reading a rewarding experience rather than a dreaded chore.

　　Be prepared

　　Never rush straight into reading. Before you begin, look at the title and any pictures. This will give you a good idea of the topic. Think about what you already know. Next, predict what the reading will be about. Think about what you want to learn and write down any questions you may have. Preparing yourself for the reading in this way will get you started before the first page is even turned.

　　At first sight

　　Now that you've got a general idea of the topic, you can begin. Read the entire text over once without stopping. Don't worry about the details just yet. In the beginning, all you should be trying to do is get a feeling for the main idea. This is called skimming. When you're done, think about how much you've understood and remembered.

　　It's all in the details

　　Remember those questions you wrote down before? Now it's time to find the answers. Read the text again, but this time, read it slowly and carefully. Look for any words or phrases that relate to your questions. This is called scanning. If you come across anything else that's interesting and important, underline that too. Once you're finished, you should have a fuller understanding of the text.

　　Words, words, words!

　　You don't have to understand every single word to understand the text. Pick out key words or phrases you don't know and write them down. But don't reach for the dictionary just yet! Try to guess the word's meaning from context - the words or phrases around it. After you've taken a guess, go ahead and use the dictionary to see how close you were. You might be pleasantly surprised!

　　Final reading

　　By this time, you should be familiar with the text. Read it one more time. You can now focus on any unusual grammar structures or sentence styles. When you've finished, sit back and think about everything you've just learned. That wasn't so difficult, was it?

　　英語單項(xiàng)填空陷阱題分類透析與演練

　　1.思維定勢(shì)型

　　思維定勢(shì)是指人們?cè)陂L期的思維過程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。它是一把雙刃劍，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可以幫助考生將考題內(nèi)容與以前所學(xué)知識(shí)迅速聯(lián)系起來，并在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)集解決問題所需的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理，并很快得出正確的結(jié)論;但若運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，它便會(huì)誤導(dǎo)考生掉入命題人所預(yù)設(shè)的陷阱，得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。

　　例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.

　　A. locking

　　B. locked

　　C. to lock

　　D. to be locked

　　解析：答案為B，但考生易誤選A，以為是考查spend...(in)doing結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，不是“鎖門”花去了三小時(shí)，而是“將自己鎖在書房里度過了三小時(shí)”，用過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語。

　　2.規(guī)則硬套型

　　就是指不從語言實(shí)際出發(fā)，不考慮特定的語言環(huán)境，而是機(jī)械地套用語法規(guī)則，生搬硬套語法的條條框框，從而錯(cuò)誤地作出選擇。

　　例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.

　　A. to prevent, to live 　 B. to prevent, from living

　　C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living

　　解析：答案為C，但易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填to，是不定式符號(hào)，第二空是prevent... (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其實(shí)devote ... to ... (把……奉獻(xiàn)給……)中的to是介詞，接-ing形式;第二空也不是“阻止污染過上幸福生活”，而是“為了過上幸福生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的狀語。

　　3.母語干擾型

　　學(xué)外語最忌母語干擾，但由于母語在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會(huì)對(duì)外語學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。命題者也往往利用這一點(diǎn)，制造陷阱。

　　例3　I’ll come to see you if______.

　　A. you’re convenient

　　B. it is convenient for you

　　C. you feel convenient

　　D. it is convenient with you

　　解析：答案為B，但易誤選A或C，因?yàn)榘礉h語意思，“如果你方便的話”，易直譯為if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事實(shí)上，英語中表示“如果你方便的話”，通常說if it is convenient for(to)you。