高考英語必考知識點(diǎn)

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　　高考英語必考知識點(diǎn)(一)

　　主語從句的虛擬

　　1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do

　　常見的形容詞有：necessary, important, strange, natural

　　It's important that he take my advice.

　　2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do

　　常見的名詞有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish

　　It's a pity that he be so silly.

　　3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do

　　常見的過去分詞有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,

　　proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。

　　It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.

　　賓語從句的虛擬

　　1. 表命令，表建議，表要求的動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句虛擬。虛擬的構(gòu)成為(should) do。

　　I advise that he stay at home.

　　2. wish后接從句，虛擬的構(gòu)成是往過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。

　　I wish I had watched the football match last night.

　　注意以下幾組詞或短語用于虛擬語氣中。

　　1. as if, as though

　　He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.

　　2. otherwise, but, even though

　　He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.

　　3. with, without, but for

　　Without your help, I would have died two years ago.

　　But for your help, I would have died two years ago.

　　4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.

　　5. It's time that

　　It's time that you went to bed.

　　It's time that you should go to bed.

　　高考英語必考知識點(diǎn)(二)

　　名詞從句部分：

　　1. that不可省略的情況

　　2. that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和that引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句中的that是連詞，不做成分，只連接主從句，不能省略;定語從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或者表語，并且做賓語時(shí)可以省略。從語義上看，同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋、說明或內(nèi)容;而定語從句時(shí)對前面名詞的限定。

　　We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on

　　popular science. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)

　　The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people

　　in disaster areas. (that引導(dǎo)定語從句)

　　3. 要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)尤其是謂語動(dòng)詞判斷從句的類型：

　　What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

　　本句含有一個(gè)主語從句和一個(gè)表語從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is。

　　It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

　　本句含有一個(gè)主語從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is known to。

　　As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

　　本句含有一個(gè)定語從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為took place，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

　　4. 名詞性從句的語序和語態(tài)。

　　名詞性從句均應(yīng)用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

　　5. 名詞性從句中連詞的省略。

　　介詞后的連詞以及引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。that引導(dǎo)名詞從句(除了引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中做賓語時(shí)可以省略。

　　that不能省略的情況：

　　1)介詞后面的that不能省略：

　　Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

　　2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句位于句首時(shí)：

　　That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.

　　3)主句謂語動(dòng)詞和that從句之間有插入語，that不省略：

　　She said that, if she failed, she would try again.

　　4)當(dāng)賓語從句有其他從屬連詞時(shí)，that不省略：

　　He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.

　　6.名詞性從句中it的使用：

　　為了保持句子平衡，多數(shù)情況下，it作形式主語或形式賓語，將真正的主語或賓語從句后置。

　　高考英語必考知識點(diǎn)(三)

　　定語從句

　　關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。

　　(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。

　　a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，如，

　　Everything (that) he did is wrong.

　　b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，如，

　　I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.

　　c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，

　　This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.

　　d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如

　　He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.

　　e. 只用which的情況

　　在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中

　　This is the book about which we have talked a lot.

　　The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.

　　f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞

　　This is the room where I worked.

　　This is the room which I stayed in.

　　I remembered the day when we lived there.

　　I remembered the day that I spent there.

　　g. as和which

　　as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以

　　As you know, he is good at English.

　　three of them 和three of which

　　I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.

　　I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

　　(2. )“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的情況：

　　在固定短語中介詞不能提前;判斷介詞的口訣：瞻前顧后看意義

　　瞻前——看先行詞;顧后——找從句動(dòng)詞;看意義——看全句表達(dá)含義

　　(3. )先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用where 或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用why或者for which。

　　(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定語從句中代表主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的區(qū)別：

　　位置不同：as從句放在主句前或后均可;而which從句只能放在主句后

　　作用不同：as從句動(dòng)詞常常是see \know等，因而相當(dāng)于插入語;which從句則在陳述一件事實(shí)。