高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn):代 詞
一、人稱代詞的用法
人稱代詞在運(yùn)用中應(yīng)注意下面幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中人稱代詞的使用應(yīng)該根據(jù)人稱代詞具體作什么成分而定。
It was I that first arrived at the airport.
2.句子中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,也就是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被省略時(shí),人稱代詞要用賓格。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
—Me,too.
3.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或沒(méi)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí),可以用it來(lái)表示。
It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?
二、物主代詞的用法
形容詞性物主代詞不與a,those,some,another,which等詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞,但在雙重所有格中可同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞,如:each sister of his。
三、反身代詞的用法
含有反身代詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself過(guò)得快活
feel oneself覺(jué)得正常
四、指示代詞的用法
1.this,that的用法
(1)在打電話時(shí),this指自己,that指別人。
(2)習(xí)慣用法:that is to say也就是說(shuō)。
2.such,so,same的用法
(1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或事物。此時(shí),如果遇到a/an,such必須放在其前;如果遇到no,two,several等詞時(shí),such必須置于其后。
Tom is such a nice person.
(2)so作指示代詞時(shí),代替一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的事情。
—Have you phoned your parents?
—No,but I’ll do so soon.
(3)same
①same必須與定冠詞the連用,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
The same happened once.
②the same后跟as用以引出所談及的范圍,as后可以是名詞、代詞,也可以是句子。
He is of the same age as you.
五、不定代詞的用法
1.none,nobody/no one,nothing的用法區(qū)別
(1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表數(shù)量概念,?;卮餳ow many,how much引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句;nobody/no one只能指人,且表泛指概念,?;卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。
—How much money do you have?
—None.
(2)none后面可跟of短語(yǔ),而nothing和nobody/no one卻不能。
None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
2.one與it用于替代時(shí)的區(qū)別
one用于指代與前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。
Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one.
Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?
六、幾個(gè)特殊的短語(yǔ)
1.What for?為何目的?為何理由?(=Why?)
2.What if...?要是……會(huì)怎樣呢?
3.What about/How about...?做……好嗎?(用于征求意見(jiàn),后面常接動(dòng)名詞)。
高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn):主謂一致
一、就近一致原則
1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常根據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。
Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意義一致原則
1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況
(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠),news(消息)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但所表示的意義是單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
表示總稱意義的名詞,如people,police,public,cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)表示的意義而定
(1)集體名詞,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語(yǔ)境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、語(yǔ)法一致原則
1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)
(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞,盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來(lái)定,如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Two?thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
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