高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧詳解
不聽(tīng)的題的答題的技巧都是不一樣的，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)關(guān)于短文改錯(cuò)的答題技巧的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧
一. 動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二. 名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫(xiě)成單數(shù)。例如：
so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：
Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。例如：
in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)
My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類(lèi);不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類(lèi)與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。
七. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱(chēng)謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表再的意思，才開(kāi)始告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)再告訴你一些事?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，我們把電視機(jī)賣(mài)了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書(shū)了，所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型外，常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類(lèi)為邏輯錯(cuò)誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案與簡(jiǎn)析：
76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))
77. 正確
78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(句子成分多分析)
79. themus (邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)
80. visitingvisited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)
81. picturepictures(名詞數(shù))
82. passespassed(動(dòng)詞形)
83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記住)
84. andbut(but，and，or和so)
85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住)
高中英語(yǔ)形容詞的語(yǔ)法介紹
形容詞和副詞
1.“as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as”表示同級(jí)比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。
2.“as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”與“not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”表示同級(jí)比較，即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
這項(xiàng)工作不是像你想像的那么難。
3.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two +名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個(gè)”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容詞比較級(jí)+n.……
After two years’ research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究?jī)赡曛?，現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)這種病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)。
5.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽車(chē)比自行車(chē)跑得快得多。
6.最高級(jí)
(1)最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想買(mǎi)僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。
(2)否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你對(duì)他在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的滿(mǎn)意嗎?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.
——不，不能再差了。
7.表示倍數(shù)的句型：
(1)A is+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B
(2)A is+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B
(3)A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size，length，height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍數(shù)+what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
?、賂his building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
這個(gè)建筑物是那個(gè)建筑物的3倍高。
?、赥he output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后，這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的小汽車(chē)是上一年的兩倍。
8、形容詞修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。
1)性質(zhì)形容詞有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：hot
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類(lèi)。例如：afraid，
afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake， well，unwell，ill，faint等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在這些詞之后，例如：something nice
9、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
10、用形容詞表示類(lèi)別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體，與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
11、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?/p>
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序前基后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料
those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s
2誤區(qū)提醒
1.形近、意近詞的混用 2. 形容詞的句法功能用錯(cuò) 3.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成不熟悉4.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)排序不清 5.形容詞的比較等級(jí)用錯(cuò)
【典型例題】:
1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
解析：錯(cuò)選B。 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。正確答案A.
2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.
A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive
解析：因形近形容詞分辨不清而錯(cuò)選其他。根據(jù)題意，本句話(huà)表達(dá)“我們了解到，為了重建在地震中被破壞的學(xué)校，正在采取一些積極的措施”?？仗帒?yīng)填“積極的”，正確答案為D。
3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.
--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance，I think.
A.well B. better C. best D. the best
解析：因形容詞比較等級(jí)用法沒(méi)掌握好而錯(cuò)選C. 此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)表最高級(jí)意思。正確答案為B。
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高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧詳解
