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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高中學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高一學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 高一英語 > 高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法及解題技巧分析

高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法及解題技巧分析

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高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法及解題技巧分析

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是英語的學(xué)習(xí)的重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn),下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)砀咧杏⒄Z情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和解題的技巧的介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法及解題技巧

  1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need的用法

  1. need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,一般用于疑問句和否定句中,表示“需要”、“必要”。當(dāng)其用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來時(shí)時(shí),在賓語從句中可當(dāng)過去時(shí)用。肯定回答用must(或have to, ought to, should) 來表達(dá)。否定式為need not / needn't表示“不必,不需要”。如:

  (1) You needn't show your passport at the entrance unless the guard asks you for it.

  (2) —Shall I tell Jack about it?

  —No, you needn't. I've told him already.

  2. need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“需要”、“要求”。如:

  (1) You don't need to leave so early.

  (2) He needs to try one more experiment.

  2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare的用法

  1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“敢”,后接動(dòng)詞原形,用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。如:

  (1) We dare not refuse their request.

  (2) Dare you walk through the forest at night?

  2. 當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí),可用于各種句型中。dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí),其后接不定式有時(shí)可省去“to”。如:

  (1) Does he dare to come?

  (2) She dares to speak in front of big audience.

  (3) I have never dared(to) speak to him.

  3can/be able to/could用法

  1. can和be able to都表示“能力”。在英語語法中,can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí),而be able to則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí),通常不用could而用was / were able to來表示。這時(shí)was / were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to, 表示“經(jīng)過一番努力,終于能夠完成某事”。如:

  (1) Can you use chopsticks?

  (2) The wounded man was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.

  2. can和could都可以表示“能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性”。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法時(shí),一般用could,回答時(shí)則用can。如:

  (1) Could you help me carry the bag?

  (2) Can I help you?

  4may和might的用法

  1. may和might均可表示“可能”,但may比might可能性大。如:

  —Why isn't he in class?

  He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大)[He might be sick.(生病的可能性較小)]

  2. may和might均可表示“允許”,may用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),might常用在間接引語中表過去時(shí),但might也可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示比較委婉的語氣,回答用may。如:

  (1) He says we may leave.

  (2) He said we might leave.

  3. may和might均可表示“建議或請(qǐng)求”,但might比may 更客氣,意思更肯定,沒有過去時(shí)態(tài)的含義。

  —May / Might I use your bike?

  Yes, you can / may.

  No, you mustn't.

  5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

  最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語境來考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此準(zhǔn)確掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。

  例1.Johnny,you___play with the knife,you __hurt yourself.

  A.won’t;can’t B.muStn’t:may

  C.shouldn't;must D.can’t:shouldn’

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】mustn't表示“不可以;禁止”,分析題意可知第二個(gè)空表示某種可能性。

  例2.-Will you stay for lunch?

  一Sorry,___ My brother is coming to see me.

  A.I mustn‘t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.1 won’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】分析題意可知因?yàn)?ldquo;我弟弟要來看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此對(duì)別人的邀請(qǐng)或要求應(yīng)給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項(xiàng)表示“禁止”;C項(xiàng)表示“不必要”;而D項(xiàng)表示“不會(huì)”,均不符合題意。故本題選B。

  例3.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly

  but eVeryOne___get out.

  A.had to B.would C.could D. was able to

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】該題考查了could和be able to的區(qū)別,二者都可表示過去時(shí)間的能力,但如果表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用was/were able to do。

  例4.-Shall I tell John about it?

  一NO,you____. I've told him already.

  A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn't

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall在試題中表示征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示。后面的句子暗示“沒有必要了”,故本題選A。

  6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)

  1.表示推測(cè)時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)間確定情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)做題時(shí)要分清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,以便正確使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu),這也是高考的熱門考點(diǎn)。

  1)must表示推測(cè),意為“一定??”,只能用于肯定句中。must have done意為“一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了”

  例1:-Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?

  - She 1n the classroom.I saw her there just now.

  A.shall be B.should have been

  C.must be D.might have been

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  【試題解析】由下文的I saw her there just now.可知她現(xiàn)在一定是呆在教室里。must用于肯定句中,表把握較大的推測(cè)。

  例2:一The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

  一Oh,dear!Sne___a lot of difficulties!

  A.may go through

  B.might go through

  C.ought to have gone through

  D.must have gone through

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】由上文的stayed可知,此題是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。根據(jù)上文studying wild animals for 13 years可以判斷出她一定遇到了許多困難。

  2)can,could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí),一般用于疑問句和否定句中;could用于肯定句中,語氣比may/might更弱。例如:

  例1:-I ve taken someone else’S green sweater by mistake.

  一It____Harryts.He always wears green.

  A.has to be B.w1]]be

  C.mustn’t be D.could be

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”,據(jù)此語境可推知,這件衣“可能是”哈利的,could表示可能性。

  例2:-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

  一Wel1.He____ have gone far.His coat’S still here.

  A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t

  C.can't D.wouldn't

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  【試題解析]can’t表示“不可能”。根據(jù)他的衣服還在這里可推測(cè)出他肯定沒有走遠(yuǎn)。must也可以表示推測(cè),但是mustn’t的意思是“禁止,不準(zhǔn)”,推測(cè)否定的事情用can’t。3)may/might表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè),意為“或許,可能”;might的語氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。

  例如:Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they

  ____just be quiet people.

  A.must B.may C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】不愛說話的人可能是安靜的人,因此用may;must太確定了。

  例如:-I can't find my purse anywhere.

  -you___

  have lost it while shopping.

  A.may B.can C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】結(jié)合語境可知,回答者在提醒對(duì)方:或許購(gòu)物時(shí)把錢包丟了。

  2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)有一些特殊用法

  1)should/ought to表示按常理推測(cè)將要發(fā)生什么

  例如:-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.

  -They____be ready by 12 O0.

  A.can B.should C.might D.need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案JB

  【試題解析】根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)出“照片應(yīng)該是到l2點(diǎn)可以準(zhǔn)備好”。

  2)can也可用于肯定句中,表示一種理論上的可能性,在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用。

  例如:It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but

  it___be rather cold sometimes.

  A.must B.can C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】can用于肯定句中,表示“有時(shí)也會(huì)很冷”。

  7情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表情感態(tài)度

  高考題中除了考查上述所講到的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法以及表示猜測(cè)的用法之外,還考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示情感態(tài)度的其他用法。

  1.Il有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表示“批評(píng)”、“責(zé)備”、“惋惜”語氣。主要有:

  1)needn‘t+have done “本來不必 (但卻做了某事)”。

  例如:-Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.

  -Thanks.You___1t.I could manage it myself

  A.needn’t do B.needn’t have done

  C.mustn’t do D.shouldn。t have done

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  2)could(不用can)+have done表示“本來能夠(而事實(shí)上未做到)”

  例如:He paid for a seat,when he entered free

  A.could B.would C.must D.need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案lA

  【試題解析】句意為“雖然他本來能夠免費(fèi)入場(chǎng),但他買了票”。

  3)might+have done表示“本來可以做到??(而事實(shí)上未做到)”

  例如: You might have worked out this problem,though it was a little difficult.

  4)should/ought to+have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事(但沒做)”

  例如:-My cat is really fat.

  -You_____ have given her so much food.

  A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  2.shall用于第二、三人稱,陳述句中,表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

  例如:-Excuse me,but 1 want to use yomr computer to type a report?

  -You____have my computer if you don’t take care of it?

  A.shah’t B.might not C.needn’t D.shouldn’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】本句可譯為“如果你不對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)愛護(hù)的話,你就不能使用我的計(jì)算機(jī)。”

  3.must表示與說話人的愿望相反,意思是“偏要”

  例如:John,look at the time.___you play the piano at such a late hour?

  A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  4.should可以表示講話人意外、驚奇、遺憾的感情色彩。

  例如:You can’t imagine that a well—behaved gentlemen____be so rude to a lady.

  A.might B.need C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】c

  【試題解析】此句意為“你想像不到一個(gè)穿著這么講究的紳士竟然對(duì)一個(gè)女士如此無禮。”should可譯為“竟然”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞給人的感覺好像比較難,因?yàn)樗目傤惙倍?,用法也比較多。但是如果考生認(rèn)真審題,結(jié)合所給出的語境,正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度,并且認(rèn)真思考選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法,注意把握時(shí)間概念,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也就迎刃而解了。

  1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need的用法  1. need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,一般用于疑問句和否定句中,表示“需要”、“必要”。當(dāng)其用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來時(shí)時(shí),在賓語從句中可當(dāng)過去時(shí)用??隙ɑ卮鹩胢ust(或have to, ought to, should) 來表達(dá)。否定式為need not / needn't表示“不必,不需要”。如:

  (1) You needn't show your passport at the entrance unless the guard asks you for it.

  (2) —Shall I tell Jack about it?

  —No, you needn't. I've told him already.

  2. need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“需要”、“要求”。如:

  (1) You don't need to leave so early.

  (2) He needs to try one more experiment.

  2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare的用法  1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“敢”,后接動(dòng)詞原形,用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。如:

  (1) We dare not refuse their request.

  (2) Dare you walk through the forest at night?

  2. 當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí),可用于各種句型中。dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí),其后接不定式有時(shí)可省去“to”。如:

  (1) Does he dare to come?

  (2) She dares to speak in front of big audience.

  (3) I have never dared(to) speak to him.

  3can/be able to/could用法  1. can和be able to都表示“能力”。在英語語法中,can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí),而be able to則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí),通常不用could而用was / were able to來表示。這時(shí)was / were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to, 表示“經(jīng)過一番努力,終于能夠完成某事”。如:

  (1) Can you use chopsticks?

  (2) The wounded man was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.

  2. can和could都可以表示“能力、技能、許可、建議或請(qǐng)求和可能性”。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法時(shí),一般用could,回答時(shí)則用can。如:

  (1) Could you help me carry the bag?

  (2) Can I help you?

  4may和might的用法  1. may和might均可表示“可能”,但may比might可能性大。如:

  —Why isn't he in class?

  He may be sick.(生病的可能性較大)[He might be sick.(生病的可能性較小)]

  2. may和might均可表示“允許”,may用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),might常用在間接引語中表過去時(shí),但might也可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示比較委婉的語氣,回答用may。如:

  (1) He says we may leave.

  (2) He said we might leave.

  3. may和might均可表示“建議或請(qǐng)求”,但might比may 更客氣,意思更肯定,沒有過去時(shí)態(tài)的含義。

  —May / Might I use your bike?

  Yes, you can / may.

  No, you mustn't.

  5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法  最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語境來考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此準(zhǔn)確掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。

  例1.Johnny,you___play with the knife,you __hurt yourself.

  A.won’t;can’t B.muStn’t:may

  C.shouldn't;must D.can’t:shouldn’

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】mustn't表示“不可以;禁止”,分析題意可知第二個(gè)空表示某種可能性。

  例2.-Will you stay for lunch?

  一Sorry,___ My brother is coming to see me.

  A.I mustn‘t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.1 won’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】分析題意可知因?yàn)?ldquo;我弟弟要來看我”,所以“不能留下”,因此對(duì)別人的邀請(qǐng)或要求應(yīng)給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項(xiàng)表示“禁止”;C項(xiàng)表示“不必要”;而D項(xiàng)表示“不會(huì)”,均不符合題意。故本題選B。

  例3.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly

  but eVeryOne___get out.

  A.had to B.would C.could D. was able to

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】該題考查了could和be able to的區(qū)別,二者都可表示過去時(shí)間的能力,但如果表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用was/were able to do。

  例4.-Shall I tell John about it?

  一NO,you____. I've told him already.

  A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn't

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall在試題中表示征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示。后面的句子暗示“沒有必要了”,故本題選A。

  6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)  1.表示推測(cè)時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)間確定情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)做題時(shí)要分清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,以便正確使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu),這也是高考的熱門考點(diǎn)。

  1)must表示推測(cè),意為“一定??”,只能用于肯定句中。must have done意為“一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了”

  例1:-Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?

  - She 1n the classroom.I saw her there just now.

  A.shall be B.should have been

  C.must be D.might have been

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  【試題解析】由下文的I saw her there just now.可知她現(xiàn)在一定是呆在教室里。must用于肯定句中,表把握較大的推測(cè)。

  例2:一The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

  一Oh,dear!Sne___a lot of difficulties!

  A.may go through

  B.might go through

  C.ought to have gone through

  D.must have gone through

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】由上文的stayed可知,此題是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。根據(jù)上文studying wild animals for 13 years可以判斷出她一定遇到了許多困難。

  2)can,could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí),一般用于疑問句和否定句中;could用于肯定句中,語氣比may/might更弱。例如:

  例1:-I ve taken someone else’S green sweater by mistake.

  一It____Harryts.He always wears green.

  A.has to be B.w1]]be

  C.mustn’t be D.could be

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D

  【試題解析】后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”,據(jù)此語境可推知,這件衣“可能是”哈利的,could表示可能性。

  例2:-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

  一Wel1.He____ have gone far.His coat’S still here.

  A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t

  C.can't D.wouldn't

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  【試題解析]can’t表示“不可能”。根據(jù)他的衣服還在這里可推測(cè)出他肯定沒有走遠(yuǎn)。must也可以表示推測(cè),但是mustn’t的意思是“禁止,不準(zhǔn)”,推測(cè)否定的事情用can’t。3)may/might表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè),意為“或許,可能”;might的語氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。

  例如:Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they

  ____just be quiet people.

  A.must B.may C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】不愛說話的人可能是安靜的人,因此用may;must太確定了。

  例如:-I can't find my purse anywhere.

  -you___

  have lost it while shopping.

  A.may B.can C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】結(jié)合語境可知,回答者在提醒對(duì)方:或許購(gòu)物時(shí)把錢包丟了。

  2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)有一些特殊用法

  1)should/ought to表示按常理推測(cè)將要發(fā)生什么

  例如:-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.

  -They____be ready by 12 O0.

  A.can B.should C.might D.need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案JB

  【試題解析】根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)出“照片應(yīng)該是到l2點(diǎn)可以準(zhǔn)備好”。

  2)can也可用于肯定句中,表示一種理論上的可能性,在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用。

  例如:It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but

  it___be rather cold sometimes.

  A.must B.can C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  【試題解析】can用于肯定句中,表示“有時(shí)也會(huì)很冷”。

  7情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表情感態(tài)度

  高考題中除了考查上述所講到的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法以及表示猜測(cè)的用法之外,還考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示情感態(tài)度的其他用法。

  1.Il有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表示“批評(píng)”、“責(zé)備”、“惋惜”語氣。主要有:

  1)needn‘t+have done “本來不必 (但卻做了某事)”。

  例如:-Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.

  -Thanks.You___1t.I could manage it myself

  A.needn’t do B.needn’t have done

  C.mustn’t do D.shouldn。t have done

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B

  2)could(不用can)+have done表示“本來能夠(而事實(shí)上未做到)”

  例如:He paid for a seat,when he entered free

  A.could B.would C.must D.need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案lA

  【試題解析】句意為“雖然他本來能夠免費(fèi)入場(chǎng),但他買了票”。

  3)might+have done表示“本來可以做到??(而事實(shí)上未做到)”

  例如: You might have worked out this problem,though it was a little difficult.

  4)should/ought to+have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事(但沒做)”

  例如:-My cat is really fat.

  -You_____ have given her so much food.

  A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C

  2.shall用于第二、三人稱,陳述句中,表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

  例如:-Excuse me,but 1 want to use yomr computer to type a report?

  -You____have my computer if you don’t take care of it?

  A.shah’t B.might not C.needn’t D.shouldn’t

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  【試題解析】本句可譯為“如果你不對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)愛護(hù)的話,你就不能使用我的計(jì)算機(jī)。”

  3.must表示與說話人的愿望相反,意思是“偏要”

  例如:John,look at the time.___you play the piano at such a late hour?

  A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A

  4.should可以表示講話人意外、驚奇、遺憾的感情色彩。

  例如:You can’t imagine that a well—behaved gentlemen____be so rude to a lady.

  A.might B.need C.should D.would

  【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】c

  【試題解析】此句意為“你想像不到一個(gè)穿著這么講究的紳士竟然對(duì)一個(gè)女士如此無禮。”should可譯為“竟然”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞給人的感覺好像比較難,因?yàn)樗目傤惙倍啵梅ㄒ脖容^多。但是如果考生認(rèn)真審題,結(jié)合所給出的語境,正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度,并且認(rèn)真思考選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法,注意把握時(shí)間概念,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也就迎刃而解了。

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