中考英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
中考英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
2018中考正在緊張地備考中，英語作為主要的考試科目，為了方便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你分享2018中考英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)，歡迎閱讀。
2018中考英語基礎(chǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、 名詞
(一) 知識概要
名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來講還是不要過分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，the Great Wall， America…它們是不能隨意變動的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞，如pen, worker…它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物;集體名詞，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體;物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,paper…它表示的是一種物質(zhì)，原材料;而后一種是抽象名詞，如:work, time…它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見、摸不到，但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見下表。
名詞一覽表
種類
專有名詞
London, John, the Communist Party of China
普 通 名 詞 類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table
集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team, people
物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand
抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest
功用
主語 My family is now in New York.
表語 His father is a scientist.
賓語 We love our great motherland.
賓語補(bǔ)足語 He made London the base for his work.
定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs.
狀語 The car cost him 1000 dollars.
同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.
名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work…可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種。
二、 冠詞?
(一) 知識概要
冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。
(二) 正誤辨析
[誤]This building is an university.
[正]This building is a university.
[析]a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是[j]，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：
I need an hour to finish the work.
It is a useful dictionary.
It is a European country.
I bought a used car.
[誤]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
[正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
[析]因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。
[誤]“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”
[正]“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”
2018中考英語語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
(一)代詞概述
代詞用來代替名詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，有時(shí)還可以充當(dāng)定語。代詞在考試命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it的用法等。
(二)基本知識梳理
1. 人稱代詞：主格作主語，賓格用作及物動詞和介詞的賓語。
He often helps me.
Who is at the door? It's me.
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
出現(xiàn)并列主語或賓語時(shí)，其排列順序?yàn)椋簡螖?shù)時(shí)是第二、第三、第一人稱(簡稱231)即you，he and I或you，her and me;復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)是第一、第二、第三人稱(簡稱123)即we，you and they或us，you and them。
2. 物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞作定語，后加名詞;而名詞性物主代詞等于形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.
名詞性物主代詞可做主語、賓語和表語。如：
Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.
May I use your pen? I've lost mine.
She is a classmate of his.
The bike is hers.
3. 反身代詞：用作賓語和起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
1)作賓語
Help yourself to some cakes.
I can look at myself in the mirror.
They should think more of the public health than themselves.
2)作強(qiáng)調(diào)
We do homework by ourselves.
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
4. 指示代詞
1)this，that，these，those
What's this(that)? It's a book.
What are these(those)? They are books.
this和these比較靠近，that和those稍遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)。
2)it的用法
(1)指物：It's a robot.
(2)指自然現(xiàn)象： It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.
(3)指時(shí)間：What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.
(4)指距離：It's twenty minutes' walk.
(5)作形式主語：It's important for us to fight pollution.
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
It's kind of you to say so.
(6)作形式賓語： We think it necessary to relax from time to time.
5. 不定代詞
1)some，any
some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑問句中。如：
There are some pens on the desk.
There aren't any pens on the desk.
Are there any pens on the desk?
Some are Chinese. Others are English.
在表示請求、建議、反問等句子中，用some而不是用any。如：
Would you like some drink?
any也可以表示任何一個(gè)。如：
Do you know any of her friends?
If you have any questions, you can ask me.
2)復(fù)合不定代詞：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數(shù)，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。
(1)作主語：
Someone is waiting for you.
No one is in the classroom.
(2)作賓語：
Have you got anything to say?
Did you see anything else in the classroom?
(3)不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，定語放在它們的后面。如：
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
There's nothing new in the newspaper.
3)a few，few，a little，little前兩者修飾可數(shù)名詞，后兩者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，意思是幾乎沒有;a few，a little表示肯定，意思是還有幾個(gè)、有一點(diǎn)。如：
There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.
I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.
4)both(兩者都，復(fù)數(shù))，all(三者以上都，復(fù)數(shù))，neither(兩者都不，單數(shù))，none(三者以上都不，單復(fù)數(shù))，either(兩者中的一個(gè)，單數(shù))，both...and， neither...nor， either...or
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