新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)教材是英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理念的體現(xiàn),是英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的首要載體,是英語(yǔ)課程實(shí)施的焦點(diǎn)和中樞。新概念英語(yǔ)第一次有哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來(lái)看看吧。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：完成時(shí)
在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞
用法：
1) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用
I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)
2) 詢問別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
3) 表示開始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)…地方，做過(guò)…事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))
He has gone to London.(人還在那里)
5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型變化：
★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
★特殊疑問句：
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)
注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的變化
1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
賓格 me us you you her/him/it them
代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are
be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were
2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化
規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
過(guò)去式的讀音
在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
比較級(jí)
規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier
規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter
最高級(jí)
規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest
規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest
規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常見縮寫：
is='s I am=I'm are='re
is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
do not=don't
does not=doesn't
was='s
did not=didn't
can not=can't
have='ve
has='s
have not=haven't
has not=hasn't
will='ll
will not=won't
shall not=shan't
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：倒裝句
完全倒裝：又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。也就是謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+……
理論的東西說(shuō)多了大家迷糊，其實(shí)我們通常見到的There be句型就是完全倒裝句
?、賂here be(的各種形式)+主語(yǔ)(+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
例子：
There was problem between us.我們倆之間曾經(jīng)有矛盾
There are ducks swimming in the river.河里有很多鴨子在游
②副詞小品詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)+……
例子：
Out runs a lady.跑出來(lái)一位女士
Away flew the birds.鳥兒飛走了
?、圻^(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞+be的各種形式+主語(yǔ)+……
例子：
Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌子旁的是他的夫人
需要注意的是，某些副詞開頭的句子構(gòu)成的完全倒裝here、there、now、then、thus等副詞開頭的句子可構(gòu)成完全倒裝。條件是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不能構(gòu)成倒裝。(方位詞在句首，主語(yǔ)是名詞，全部倒裝)
例子：
Here comes Harry Potte.哈利波特來(lái)了。
Here it is.在這里。
Here is your bag.這是你的包，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境還可翻譯為給你包。
部分倒裝(PartialInversion)(又稱半倒裝句)：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
表示強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下：
1.only+狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，被該狀語(yǔ)修飾的句子用部分倒裝。
例子：
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
2.hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom, never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only…(but also),not until…等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。
例子：
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我剛到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽車上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night.
她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。
3.so/such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so/such和that之間的部分。
例子：
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要價(jià)太離譜，令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長(zhǎng)，以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語(yǔ)序突出了句首成分，其語(yǔ)氣較自然語(yǔ)序強(qiáng)烈，因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
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