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2017年高考英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間: 芷瓊1026 分享

  2017年高考正緊張地備考中,高考英語有哪些易錯(cuò)的知識(shí)需要同學(xué)們注意的呢?接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了2017高考英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn),一起來看看吧。

  2017高考英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn):虛擬語氣

  I 虛擬語氣在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

 ?、?if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

 ?、?if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.

  句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句①依然指代過去的情況,謂語動(dòng)詞是would have done,而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。

 ?、蛱摂M語氣在名詞性從句中的用法

  1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered, suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等

  例如:① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.

 ?、?it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.

  2. suggest, insist 后面指賓語從句時(shí)需注意的地方

  1)①suggest 當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”

  例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建議立即動(dòng)工。

  類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求、請(qǐng)求,request請(qǐng)求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等。

  這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)(如:It is suggested + that主語從句)形式后,主語從句謂語動(dòng)詞仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

  這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion)后,其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

 ?、趕uggest 當(dāng)“提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語氣。

  例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member

  警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。

  (2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。

  (3)Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。

  A:stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be

  在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講,而后一個(gè)作“表明”講,所以答案為“A”

  2)①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

  例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去

 ?、趇nsist 作“堅(jiān)持(意見,看法);堅(jiān)持說,確信”講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語氣。

  例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他堅(jiān)持說他聽到隔壁屋子里有人。

  五.反意疑問句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

  1.在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的問或是否定的問,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。

 ?、?mdash;Are you a new comer?

  —Yes, I came here only yesterday.

  ②—Isn’t Tom a good student?

  —Yes, he is excellent.

 ?、?mdash;Don’t you think the composition good?

  —No, It can’t be any worse.

  注意:在②③句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時(shí),則用No,譯為“是的”,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相反時(shí),則用Yes,譯為“不”

  2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must

  ① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?

 ?、?He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推測(cè))

  ③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? (表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)

  ④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? (表過去)

  當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式。

  六、非謂語動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

  非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);如既無主動(dòng)也無被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語)。

  Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指說話者的動(dòng)作,故只用主動(dòng)式。如:

  Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.

  解析:從這個(gè)句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致,并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語,同時(shí),分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。

  In order to improve English , ________.

  A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.

  B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.

  C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.

  D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.

  解析:根據(jù)不定式短語我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物,所以,應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.

  ———,we decided to go out for a walk.

  A. It is fine B. It fine C. Being fine D.It being fine

  解析:主句主語we與動(dòng)詞短語be fine之間既無主動(dòng)關(guān)系與無被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要加上自己的邏輯主語It,由于不存在主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故不能選C項(xiàng),而應(yīng)該選D 項(xiàng)。

  ————more attention, the trees could have grown better.

  2017高考英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn):名詞性從句

  (一) that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句

  定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:

 ?、貯long with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.

  解析:在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語,對(duì)先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。

  感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上容易出錯(cuò),主要還是因?yàn)閷?duì)定語從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何謂同位語從句。

  (二) 名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

  1. 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:

  It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主語)

  We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語)

  2)謂語動(dòng)詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語it. 例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.

  3)動(dòng)詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.

  例如:① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.

  ② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.

  4)短語動(dòng)詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語it.

  例如:① I’m counting on it that you will come.

  ② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.

  注:作形式主語和形式賓語時(shí)只能用it.

  2017高考英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn):代詞it、one、that的用法與區(qū)別

  One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)

  名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語,否則就要用some.

  That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用。

  It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get it, catch it, make it.

  例如:① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))

 ?、?Where is my pen? Have you seen it? 我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)

 ?、?The land of China is larger than that of America.

 ?、?Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或two blue ones)

 ?、?He has no child, and he wants to adopt one (或 some)


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