初中英語被動語態(tài)知識點(diǎn)詳解
被動語態(tài)是中考英語的一個重要考點(diǎn),接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了初中英語被動語態(tài)知識點(diǎn)詳解,一起來看看吧。
初中英語被動語態(tài)知識點(diǎn):使用被動語態(tài)“六注意”
一要注意被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)
被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”,其中的助動詞be根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時態(tài)。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現(xiàn)在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現(xiàn)在完成時)
二要注意帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式為“情態(tài)動詞+be(或be的適當(dāng)形式)+過去分詞”。這類結(jié)構(gòu)非常有可能作為語境題出現(xiàn)在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規(guī)章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 這事是不應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態(tài)。由“to be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀請發(fā)言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態(tài)。由“to have been+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我的。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)。由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墻作保護(hù),他感到很安全。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動語態(tài)。由“having been+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備。
The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 話題已經(jīng)開始了,他不得不談下去。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態(tài)。由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
She likes being looked at. 她喜歡被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 這個問題遠(yuǎn)沒解決。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態(tài)。由“having been+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮沒受過舞蹈的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令后,我開始信心十足了。
注:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
初中英語被動語態(tài)知識點(diǎn):被動句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子,如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
→ It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
→ She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發(fā)現(xiàn),一類是“it+be+過去分詞+that從句”,另一類則是“主語+be+過去分詞+不定式”(其中的“主語”為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通??捎糜谶@兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態(tài)和動詞形式的變化):
It’s expected that he will come soon.= He is expected to come soon. 預(yù)計他很快就會來。
It’s expected that he has come. =He is expected to have come. 估計他會已經(jīng)來了。
It’s known that is a good singer. =He is known to be a good singer. 大家知道他是位優(yōu)秀的歌手。
It’s known that was a good singer. =He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優(yōu)秀的歌手。
初中英語被動語態(tài)知識點(diǎn):何時使用被動語態(tài)
1.我們在平常的英語交流中,盡量使用主動語態(tài),但在下列情況下,則通常使用使用被動語態(tài):
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。
Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八點(diǎn)收取。
2. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。如:
The desk was made by Master Wang. 這張課桌是王師傅做的。
The bag was taken away by his sister. 那個口袋是她姐姐提走的。
3. 在上下文中,為了使句子間連接緊密時。如:
I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有輛新摩托車。它是父親送給我作為生日禮物的。
4. 在新聞報道中,為了表明報道的客觀性而避免主觀性的透露時。如:
A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上發(fā)生了一起車禍,三人喪生,傷員馬上被送往了醫(yī)院,并馬上派了警察去處理這一事件。
5. 在科技論文中,常使用被動語態(tài)來強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實。如:
When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 當(dāng)天氣足夠冷時,水就會變成冰。
So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前為止,地球人已經(jīng)幾次拜訪了月亮。
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