初二人教版英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
要想取得好的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)，必須要有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。習(xí)慣是經(jīng)過(guò)重復(fù)練習(xí)而鞏固下來(lái)的穩(wěn)重持久的條件反射和自然需要。建立良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，就會(huì)使自己學(xué)習(xí)感到有序而輕松。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)初二人教版英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望大家喜歡!
初二人教版英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
see sb. doing sth. “看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。1. see sb. do sth “看見(jiàn)某人做了某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程;
如：I saw her go across the street. 我看見(jiàn)她過(guò)了馬路。
I saw her going across the street. 我看見(jiàn)她正在過(guò)馬路。
2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”
join + 組織 表示 “加入某個(gè)組織”
take part in 表示 “參加某個(gè)活動(dòng)”
如：Will you join us?
I will join the skiing club.
She is planning to take part in the high jump.
3. arrive in + 大地點(diǎn)
arrive at + 小地點(diǎn)
get to + 地點(diǎn) = reach + 地點(diǎn)
如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意：reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
4. leave… 離開(kāi)……
leave for… 動(dòng)身去…/離開(kāi)到…
如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們要離開(kāi)北京。
They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他們要前往日本。
5. a few“幾個(gè)，一些” 修飾可數(shù)名詞
a little“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” 修飾不數(shù)名詞
如：There are a few eggs in the basket.
There is a little water in the bottle.
6. how long 表示“多久(時(shí)間)”; 提問(wèn)時(shí)間段.
how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提問(wèn)時(shí)間的頻率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?
He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?
7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅長(zhǎng)于(做)某事 如：She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)
keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)
如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.
Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
初二人教版英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let sb not do sth 讓某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth 做什么怎么樣 為什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat， its raining outside. 外面在下雨，為什么不穿個(gè)雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth 使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true. 我會(huì)盡我所能去使我的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Make sb + adj 使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英語(yǔ)老師叫我們每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
2. finish doing sth 完成做某事 my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。 媽媽要求我在她下班回來(lái)之前打掃干凈我的房間。
3. Enjoy doing sth 享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball 孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上享受打籃球。
4. stand doing sth 忍受做某事她不能忍受欺騙他人
5. mind doing sth 介意做某事? 你介意開(kāi)門嗎?
6. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester. 在新學(xué)期，她將繼續(xù)努力奮斗
7. miss 想念 I miss you very much
Miss sth 錯(cuò)過(guò)………….he got up late this morning，so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事。He missed having the class，because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb 與某人共度時(shí)間
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money) 某人在某事花費(fèi)時(shí)間，金錢
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth 某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢做某事 (人作主語(yǔ))
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money) 某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間，金錢 (it 作主語(yǔ))
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth 為………..付多少錢。 (人作主語(yǔ))
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢 (物作主語(yǔ))
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking 他成功地戒了煙。
10. play a role in doing sth 發(fā)揮作用，有影響
computers play a role in people’s life 計(jì)算機(jī)在人們的生活中發(fā)揮作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth 玩得高興
They had fun playing basketball. 他們打籃球玩得很高興。
12. be good at doing/ sth 擅長(zhǎng) she is very good at dancing。 他擅長(zhǎng)跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth 在某方面有天賦
she is talented in drawing。 她在畫(huà)畫(huà)方面有天賦
三、v+ to do
1. it's a good/ great way to do sth 做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends 他喜歡參加一些活
動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth 做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。學(xué)英語(yǔ)的方式就是朗讀。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth 第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners. 這是我第一次和外國(guó)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth 想做某事
4. decide to do sth 決定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation. 他決定在這個(gè)寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth 下定決心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination. 她下定決心要在這次的期末
考試中取得好成績(jī)。
6. Invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them 他沒(méi)有邀請(qǐng)我和他們共進(jìn)晚餐。
Invite sb to a place 邀請(qǐng)某人到某處
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。 他想邀請(qǐng)那個(gè)女孩參加他的生日宴會(huì)。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth 幫助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock 老板命令他五點(diǎn)之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth 計(jì)劃做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer 我計(jì)劃這個(gè)暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth 選擇做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather. 因?yàn)楹涞奶鞖?，他選擇呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth 盡某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth 需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now。 現(xiàn)在她需要去洗她的臟衣服。
13. be ready to do sth 準(zhǔn)備好做某事 She is ready to go out 她準(zhǔn)備好出去了。
14. seem + 形容詞 看起來(lái)….. You seem happy today. 你看起來(lái)很高興
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early. 她的媽媽告訴她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth 告訴某人不要做某事
請(qǐng)告訴她不要去爬樹(shù)
16. expect to do sth 期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good. 我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth 希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future. 我希望將來(lái)有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth 做某件事 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣
It’s good for you to sleep early. 早睡對(duì)你有好處。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth 盡量做某事， 努力做某事 he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth 盡量不做某事 he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth 嘗試做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth 有意做某事 I didn’t mean to hurt you 我不是有意傷害你的。
Mean doing sth 意味著、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her 對(duì)她好并不意
味著愛(ài)她。
3. start doing sth. 開(kāi)始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.當(dāng)他媽媽不在家
時(shí)，他通常在晚上6點(diǎn)鐘就開(kāi)始做飯。
4. 停止做某事 the teacher is coming，lets stop talking. 停下來(lái)做某事 if you are tired, you can stop to rest.
初二人教版英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理
句子成分和類型
1.主語(yǔ)：句子所陳述的對(duì)象。
2.謂語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。
3.賓語(yǔ)：分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。
4.系動(dòng)詞：表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如 be， 感官系動(dòng)詞(look， sound， smell， taste 和 feel)、保持類系動(dòng)詞(keep， stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5.表語(yǔ)：緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。
6.定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語(yǔ)： 修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。
8.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語(yǔ)， should keep是謂語(yǔ)，the room是賓語(yǔ)，clean and tidy是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。
(This kind of food是主語(yǔ)， tastes是系動(dòng)詞， delicious是表語(yǔ)。)
注意：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分，不是主干成分。
9.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。
10.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。
11.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。
一般疑問(wèn)句
一、不用疑問(wèn)詞，但需要用yes或no回答的疑問(wèn)句，叫一般疑問(wèn)句。句末用問(wèn)號(hào)“?”。
一般疑問(wèn)句的基本用法及結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問(wèn)句用于對(duì)某一情況提出疑問(wèn)，通?？捎脃es和no來(lái)回答，讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be / have / 助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))”：
Is he interested in going? 他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan? 你到過(guò)日本嗎?
Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy? 你問(wèn)沒(méi)問(wèn)她該買哪一個(gè)?
二、陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法
1.動(dòng)詞be的疑問(wèn)式：動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有am， is， are， was， were等不同形式，可用作連系動(dòng)詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動(dòng)詞(用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等)，但不管何種情況，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式時(shí)，一律將動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式置于句首：句型：Be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)～?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes，he is.是的，他生氣了。
No，he isn't.不，他沒(méi)生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進(jìn)行時(shí))
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes，they were.是的，他們?cè)诳蕖?/p>
No，they weren't.不，他們沒(méi)哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
全世界都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎?
Yes，it is.是的。
No，it isn't.不。
2.動(dòng)詞have的疑問(wèn)式：動(dòng)詞have根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有have， has， had等形式，可以用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞，分以下情況討論：
①用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等，在構(gòu)成構(gòu)成式時(shí)可以直接將have， has， had置于句首，也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do， does， did：
Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么話要說(shuō)嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他當(dāng)時(shí)有朋友嗎?
②用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(guò)(=spend)”等，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式時(shí)不能將have提前至句首，而應(yīng)在句首使用do， does， did：
Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚會(huì)上玩得高興嗎?
③完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型：Have(Has)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+～?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎?
Yes，I have.是的。
No，I haven't.不。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型：Had +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+～?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來(lái)這里以前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約兩千個(gè)單詞了嗎?
Yes，he had.是的。
No，he hadn't.不。
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式通常是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首：
句型：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來(lái)些蘋果嗎?
Yes，I can.是的，可以。
No，I can't.不，不可以。
Can you speak English? 你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎?
Must I finish the work at once? 我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式：一般實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式，通常應(yīng)根據(jù)不同時(shí)態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動(dòng)詞do， does， did等：
句型：Do(Does，Did)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形～?
Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上學(xué)嗎?
Does the boy like dancing? 這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes，he did.是的，他做了。
No，he didn't.不，他沒(méi)做。
特殊疑問(wèn)句
用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句。回答特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問(wèn)句，我們把疑問(wèn)詞分為三類：
疑問(wèn)代詞：what，who，Which，whose，whom
疑問(wèn)副詞：when，where，why，how
疑問(wèn)形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞
一、疑問(wèn)代詞的用法
1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。
A.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以有兩種回答：
a：There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋。
b：An egg is(in it).
一個(gè)蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問(wèn)題時(shí)，答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
B.對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長(zhǎng)凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。
Who broke the window?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
誰(shuí)打破了窗戶?
who可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。whom是who的賓格，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，但在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
那個(gè)女人是誰(shuí)?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)
或者：She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問(wèn)形容詞的用法
what，which，whose后面跟上名詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
這些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
兩年前誰(shuí)的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問(wèn)副詞的用法
句型：疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序～?
(疑問(wèn)副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以它們不可能對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
when引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢問(wèn)時(shí)間
When were you born?你何時(shí)出生?
(I was born)on June 5，1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
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