初二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
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重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(shall/will) be done
一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問(wèn)句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問(wèn)句例句:What will people have in a few years?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
一、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
should/would+動(dòng)詞原形
do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式:(should/would) do
do/does的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(should/would) be done
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問(wèn)句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問(wèn)句例句:What should I do?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(was/were) being done
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問(wèn)句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問(wèn)句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動(dòng)詞 when 和 while 的選擇:when 后加瞬間動(dòng)詞,while 后加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))
1、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
(1)that:沒(méi)有含義,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后,他是否還住在這里。
(3)連接代詞:what, which, who, whom, whose(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主、賓、表和定語(yǔ))
連接副詞:where, when, how, why(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ))
2、在做賓語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)
(1)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。
(2)當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句必須是一種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
(3)當(dāng)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理的句子做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)過(guò)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu):主句 + if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:
在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):have/has been being done
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合:
?、倌呈聫倪^(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做
②過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自從那次他與我談過(guò)心后,我天天都在進(jìn)步。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問(wèn)句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問(wèn)句例句:How long have you been skating?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
主語(yǔ) + have/has + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have.)
否定式:主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他.
疑問(wèn)式: Have /Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?
簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法、定義詳細(xì)講解
1、表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。
He has lost his wallet.他的錢包丟了。
We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
2、表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在這里工作已有20多年了。
3、表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”,常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京兩次。
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
反意疑問(wèn)句
反意疑問(wèn)句由肯定陳述句加否定問(wèn)句構(gòu)成,或者由否定陳述句加肯定問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。
He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),要根據(jù)事實(shí)來(lái)回答。若事實(shí)是肯定的,則必須用 yes 回答。若事實(shí)是否定的,則必須用 no 回答。
---You're not ready, are you?你還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好,對(duì)吧?
---No, I'm not.是的,我沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。
---Yes, I am.不,我準(zhǔn)備好了。