八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理
語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)是我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，今天小編要和大家分享的是八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理(人教版)，希望能夠幫助到大家好好學(xué)習(xí)并掌握這部分知識(shí)，趕快學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)吧。
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法整理(人教版)
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑問(wèn)句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成及用法：
1.結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句，即：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)(+其他)
疑問(wèn)代詞：
1) Who:誰(shuí)。做主語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 誰(shuí)，做賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 誰(shuí)的，用來(lái)指所屬關(guān)系，如果做定語(yǔ)，一般后接名詞 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪個(gè)，哪些，用來(lái)指對(duì)人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which girls will be in the sports meeting?
Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒(méi)有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑問(wèn)副詞：
1)When:何時(shí)，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間 When will she come back?
2)Where何地，詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)， Where do you come from?
3)Why為什么，詢問(wèn)原因， Why are you late for school?
4)How 如何，詢問(wèn)手段、方式、工具以及程度等
How do you usually go to school?
5)How old多大，詢問(wèn)年齡，How old is Jim’s little brother?
6)How many/much多少，詢問(wèn)數(shù)量
How many birds are there in the tree?
7)How far多遠(yuǎn)，詢問(wèn)距離，
How far is it form your home to school?
8)How long多長(zhǎng)，多久，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度或距離
How long will you stay in Beijing?
9)How often多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間按一次，詢問(wèn)頻率
How often do you go to see your grandparents?
10How soon多久，詢問(wèn)時(shí)間 How soon will you come back?
頻率副詞：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，never, hardly ever,sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 來(lái)描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,can, may, must沒(méi)有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形.
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將要做某事或計(jì)劃打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助動(dòng)詞，它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式，但用于表示將來(lái)。用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，常用于表示即將來(lái)臨的未來(lái)預(yù)定要做的事情，一般指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)劃要做的事。用于此情況的動(dòng)詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑問(wèn)句是將be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑問(wèn)句“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序?！?/p>
What are you doing for vacation?
When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with?
Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about…?+ 名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，用于提出建議、請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn)、詢問(wèn)消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
乘坐交通工具的表達(dá)方式：by subway/train/bike..., on foot ...
I usually take the bus to school./I usually go to school by bus(on/in the bus).
My father sometimes rides his bike to work./My father sometimes goes to work by bike(on his bike).
My grandmother always walks to the supermarket./My grandmother always goes to the supermarket on foot.
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can及邀請(qǐng)句式及其問(wèn)答
一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法：
Can 是最長(zhǎng)用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，can’t.
1.can表“能力”，意思是：能，會(huì) I can play basketball,but I can’t swim.
2.can表示能力時(shí)可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)，常被用來(lái)表示can所不能表示的將來(lái)或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to make a model spaceship in three months.
3.表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
4.表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.
5.表示“驚訝、不相信等(用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會(huì)、可能?！?/p>
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
二.如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請(qǐng)
1.表達(dá)邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
2.接受邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. Of course. OK. I’d love to.
3.謝絕邀請(qǐng)的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. but I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…/Im doing.....
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容詞的比較級(jí)
一.規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化(課本P93)
二.than 是比較級(jí)中最常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞，意思是“比”。用于引出比較的對(duì)象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am./ You are older than me.
三.形容詞比較級(jí)前，有時(shí)可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來(lái)修飾。much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點(diǎn)。a little shorter, 稍微矮點(diǎn);even表示“甚至，更加，還要……”even bigger還要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，very,so,too, quite 等修飾原級(jí)
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar:
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
一.可數(shù)名詞
英語(yǔ)中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個(gè)，如a pear. 其復(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外)，如two bananas, three tomatoes， many apples，a few students
二.不可數(shù)名詞
1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。如a bag of… 2.常見(jiàn)的量詞短語(yǔ)有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much(much rain)，
a little (a little milk).
4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：
Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：指在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in 2006等。有時(shí)也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。該時(shí)態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。謂語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
一.Be動(dòng)詞句型
一般疑問(wèn)句：was/were +主語(yǔ)…
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)
陳述句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t+…
二.行為動(dòng)詞句型(當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要借助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)
肯定式：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
否定式：主語(yǔ)+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形
一般疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形
特殊疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，不同之處在于須將be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，即“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù))+主語(yǔ)+(表語(yǔ))+其他成分”或“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+助動(dòng)詞did+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其他成分?！?/p>
一、以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，對(duì)某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，句型是：
When was/were …born? … was/were born in/on +時(shí)間
When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時(shí)候出生的?He was born in 1975/in July 1975/on July 5,1975.
二.以how long 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，對(duì)表示某一短時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。句型是：
How long did + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始打嗝?When +did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +動(dòng)詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 動(dòng)詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)某一動(dòng)作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測(cè)等。Can(能、會(huì)),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，且沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)變否定句時(shí)，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not,無(wú)需加助動(dòng)詞。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，須將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測(cè)，意為“能，會(huì)，可以?！眂an’t, 意為“不能，不會(huì)，不可以?！?，還有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示請(qǐng)求與邀請(qǐng)
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級(jí)，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一個(gè) “最……”見(jiàn)課本p93語(yǔ)法
1.the +最高級(jí) She is the tallest of all her classmates.
2.the +序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí) He is the third tallest (student) in his class.
3.表示最高程度的形容詞，excellent, extreme, prefect等沒(méi)有最高級(jí)也不能用比較級(jí)。He is an excellent teacher.
4.形容詞最高級(jí)間修飾做表語(yǔ)或介詞并與的名詞代詞是，被修飾的詞往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
5.Who/Which +be+最高級(jí)，A,B,or C? Which is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
6.one of the +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
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