初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
上了初一還是要面對(duì)英語(yǔ)的，初一英語(yǔ)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較簡(jiǎn)單，我們可以很輕松地總結(jié)出來，初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些？一起來看看初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎查閱!
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握元音和輔音，5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動(dòng)詞的用法
be動(dòng)詞有三種變形，分別是：am, is, are。記憶口訣：
“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;單數(shù)全都用is，復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱：第一人稱(I, we)，第二人稱(you, you)，第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格，即人稱代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的.形態(tài)：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格，即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài)：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞，大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù)) zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,
twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句：能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。
2、特殊疑問句：不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1、規(guī)則變化：
1)一般情況直接在詞尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞，要在詞尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞，變f (e)為“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o結(jié)尾的詞，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。
2、不規(guī)則變化：
1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)單、復(fù)同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。
主謂一致原則，就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱“三單”)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非“三單”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變“三單”的規(guī)則如下：
1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等;
4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示“特指”，可譯為“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是“一個(gè)”。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前，a則英語(yǔ)非元音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是：不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”，而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”。
九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例：
1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞，只涉及“主謂一致”原則。 eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí)，要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“三單”時(shí)，要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“非三單”時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句：
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math. They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時(shí)，同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句：
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“......的”，但要從of后往of前翻譯：a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區(qū)別：
have一般表示“主動(dòng)擁有”，往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無生命的物體一般不能“主動(dòng)擁有”，表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如： I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)問候語(yǔ)：
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法：說明身份，年齡，狀態(tài)等。
口訣：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。
單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。
變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。
變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。
be動(dòng)詞的用法：
be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。
句型解析析：I am+…
I am a student. I am a boy.
第二人稱(You)配合are使用。
句型解析：You are+…
You are my good friend. You are a good person.
第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。
句型解析：She(He, It) is +…
She is a good girl. She is so cute.
人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。
句型解析：We (You, They) are +…
We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.
注意：
1 綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。
be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱，是不可隨意替換的。例如：
I am, You are, She is，并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, You am, She are 這樣的情形。
2 當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前
例如:you and I, Tom and I
當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面，
例如：you and Tom
當(dāng)三者都有時(shí)，排序?yàn)椋? 3 1
例如you, Tom and I
練習(xí)：1. Where ______ Ann . She ______ here.
2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen.
3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______.
4. What ______ your name. My name ____ Ann
二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can
1 can作“能、會(huì)”解，否定式是cannot，縮寫為can’t。
“can+動(dòng)詞原形” “can’t+動(dòng)詞原形” ：表示某人能做或不能做某事
Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
Can 表示的”能力”為現(xiàn)在的能力，而不是過去或?qū)淼哪芰Α?/p>
1). for ability表示能力。例如：
—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.
I can run fast,can you?
2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如： —Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會(huì)說日語(yǔ)嗎?不，她不會(huì)。
3). indicating permission表示許可。例如：
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?
Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?
We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。
4). indicating requests表示要求。例如：
Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?
Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?
5). indicating possibly表示可能性。例如：
That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗—她住院了。
He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺。
There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—會(huì)是誰呢?
6). used to make suggestions用以提出建議。例如：
We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的話，咱們可以在飯館吃飯。
I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開車去。
三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would
1 Would是will的過去式，可用于各人稱，表示過去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望"和 "決心"等。 如：I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
2 would用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí)，不論是表達(dá)說話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求，均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：
Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?
[注]在日常會(huì)話中，I would like to和I should like to都可以說，I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如：yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to
Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment.
3 Would還可以表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問題要解決時(shí)，他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。
練習(xí)：
1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
2 The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?
A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
4 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must
5 ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
四 “there be”句型
There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。
”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞， be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。 There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣：
Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are?！癟here be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的'那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
肯定句：there is an apple on the table
否定句：there isn't an apple on the table.
一般疑問句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't 特殊疑問句：what is there on the table.
1. 定義：There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
(2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。
① There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)女孩。
3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別：
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下：There be表示“某處存在某物
或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。
①He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。
②There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。
(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時(shí)，There be 句型與其可互換。
①A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。 4 變臉一：否定句
There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree=There is no bike behind the tree.
5 變臉二：一般疑問句
There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號(hào)即可，此為"調(diào)整法"。但同時(shí)要注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí)，要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)?？纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾?quot;改頭換面"的吧：
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
6 變臉三：特殊疑問句
There be句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化：
① 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，用"Who's+介詞短語(yǔ)?";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，用
"What's + 介詞短語(yǔ)?"。注意：無論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問：提問地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where is / are+主語(yǔ)?"啦!例如：
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
五 、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
1) 它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客觀真理，表示格言或警句中
e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
一 其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”，有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可提前.
二 其句式變化可分為兩種情況
1)表示動(dòng)作， 一般人稱作主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。
They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00.
Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2)單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t;變一般疑問句須在句首
加助動(dòng)詞does。
Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.
E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
三 其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：
一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中
例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
解析：學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最忌諱的，要看語(yǔ)法是不是正確，在英語(yǔ)中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動(dòng)作，兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語(yǔ)言有差異，be 、do不能放一起，仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析，語(yǔ)法千萬要牢記?！?/p>
二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)
例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.
2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案：1 plays 2 goes
解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變
復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.
三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)
例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案：1 Does have 2 doesn’t live 解析：?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：“見助動(dòng)，用原形”。
此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)
例：We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案：don’t do
解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義: a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;b)是助動(dòng)
詞，無實(shí)義;c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。
五、對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)判斷有誤
例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，不能做主語(yǔ)，故用is. 另外，賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
初一上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
定語(yǔ)從句：
(一)基礎(chǔ)：引導(dǎo)詞---who, which, that, whom,
練習(xí)1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working.
3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring.4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot.
5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy.
6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen.
7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading.
8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting.
(二)特例：只用that的情況
1先行詞被___________或___________所修飾，或本身是______________________時(shí)，只能用 that，
2.被修飾的先行詞為 ________________________________________________等不定代詞時(shí), 只能用 that.
3.先行詞被 _____________________________________________等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用 that，而不用 which。
4.先行詞里同時(shí)含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
5. 以______________________引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying?
練習(xí)1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup.
2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost
4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used.
6. He was the first person _______passed the exam.
7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly.
(三)whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there.
2. I like the rooms ______windows face south.3. This is the desk ______legs were broken.
4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best .
6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old.
(四)從句謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞確定，時(shí)態(tài)由從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定，不必跟主句保持一致。
1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework.
2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting.
3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.
4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class.
5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)
6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be)
9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China.
10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best.
(五)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”注意： 介詞的選用要考慮：
A.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系
1)I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army.
2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here.
3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.
B. 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣
1)Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars?
2)Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars?
3) Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot?
4) Have you found the book _______she often talks?
關(guān)系副詞的用法
練習(xí)：1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.
2.This is the village _________________we visited last week.
3.The house _______ we live in is very big./ The house _______ we live is very big
4. The woman ___________ talked to you just now is a doctor. The woman ______ you talked to is my sister.
The woman to ___________ you talked is my sister. 5. This is the hospital ____________ I was born in.
This is the hospital in _________I was born. This is the hospital____________ I was born.
綜合練習(xí)一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空
1. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. This is the present ____he gave me for my birthday.3.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
4. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
5. There is nothing in the world ______can frighten him.6. We visited a factory _______makes toys for children.
7. Is this the place _______ your father once lived 8. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
9The car______my father bought last month is beautiful.10The man______hair is white is his grandfather.
二 ( )1.Rosa likes music ___ is quiet and gentle. A. when B. that C. where D. who
( )2.--Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend--Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
( )3 Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ___ is playing in the NBA. A. whose B. who C. what D. which
( )4. The doctor ___I am waiting for is Mr. Smith. A. which B. whom C. whose D. why
( )5. --- Do you know Hong Zhanhui? ---Yes. He’s the college student ____ has moved Chinese people a lot.
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
( )6. In my family, my sister is the only person __ loves chocolate. A. which B. who C. whom D. she
( )7. This is the place ____ the old man lived last year. A. when B. where C. that D.which
( ) 8. The song ___ Jay Zhou sings are popular with students. A. why B. whom C. what D. which
( )9. The farmer was very thankful to the doctor ___ treated his son. A. what B. which C. who D. whose
( )10.I like to live in a house__ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why
( )11. The young lady ___ we met yesterday is our new math teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
( )12. --Can you introduce the town to me? --OK. This is the town in __ I was born. A. that B. who C. which
( )13. Miss green is the only person __ can help you with your English. A. she B. whom C. which D. who
( )14. I like the second football match ___was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /
( )15. Is there anything ____ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs
( )16. I hate people ___ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they
( )17. This is the only book ___I am looking for. A. that B. which C. who D. whom
( )18 Her sister__ you met at my home was a teacher of English. A. whom B. that is C. which D. who is
( )19 The book__is sold out at the moment. A.you need Bwhat you need C.which you need it D that you need it
( )20 I'm one of the boys ______never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
( )21.__cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. Those who C. However D. The one who
( )22. The old man __yesterday is a scientist.A.I spoke B. I spoke to C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke to him
中考定語(yǔ)從句真題演練
1.--- Is the girl __ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? --Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
2. Do you still remember the movie _____ we saw last weekend? A. who B. what C. that D. whom
3. ---Who is your new English teacher? ---Elena, the woman ____ is wearing a red T-shirt over there.
A. 不填 B. whom C. whose D. who
4. Is that the man _____ helped us a lot after the earthquake? A. whose B. which C. when D. who
5. ---What are you looking for? --- I’m looking for the pen ___ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose
6. This is the novel_____ written by Guo Jingming. A. who B. what C. that D. /
7. We should be ready to help the people ____ are in trouble. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
8. Two years has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days ____ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. A. that B. who C. when
9. The magician _____ played magic tricks in 2008 CCTV Spring Festival Gala is Liu Qian. He is popular in China now. A. whose B. who C. which
10. July likes music very much. She likes music ____ she can dance to. A. what B. who C. that
11. At school, you should do the things _____ are allowed by the teachers. A. that B. when C. what
12. Thought is the key _____ opens the doors of the world. A. why B. where C. which D. who
13. The gentlemen ___ are coming to my office tomorrow are my classmates many years ago.
A. whom B. who C. those D. which
14. That’s the man _____ house was destroyed in the storm. A. that B. whose C. who D. which
15. The girl ____ I just talked with is Ben’s sister. A. whom B. which C. she
16. I love people ____ are friendly to others. A. which B. whose C. what D. who
17. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _____ have helped me.
A. who B. what C. which D. where
18. I like the teacher ____ classes are very interesting and creative. A. which B. who C. what D. whose
19. Do you know the boy ____ is sitting next to Peter? ---Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ____ birthday. A. who, ninth B. that, nineth C. /, nineth D. which, ninth
20.ShaolinTemple__lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors from abroad.A.where B.which C.who
二賓語(yǔ)從句
1賓語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)要注意三個(gè)方面
第一：語(yǔ)序：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，一律用___________。
如Where does she live? ( Do you know?) ----Do you know where she lives?
___幾個(gè)特殊的特殊疑問句
Which is the way to the nearest shop?/ What’s wrong with you?/ What’s up?/ What’s the matter?
這幾個(gè)特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語(yǔ)序,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不需調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。
第二：時(shí)態(tài); 1)如果主句是___________，賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.
如：1. It’s going to rain. I think. ---I think it’s going to rain.
2. “I will go with you .” he says. ---He says he will go with me.
3. He studied English ten years ago. I know. I know he studied English ten years ago.
2)主句是___________，賓語(yǔ)從句要用___________。
如：It’s going to rain. I thought. ---I thought it was going to rain.
“I will go with you.” he said. ---He said he would go with me.
3). 若從句表達(dá)的是___________，規(guī)律，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用___________。
如1 The earth turns round the sun. The teacher told us---The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun.
2 Light travels much faster than sound. She said … ---She said that light travels much faster than sound.
第三：連接詞1)如果被連接的句子是___________，那么連接詞用___________, (也可省)
如1. He’ll be back in a month. ( I hear…) I hear ( that ) he will be back in a month.
2. I have been to the Great Wall once. ( He tells me…) He tells me ( that ) he has been to the Great Wall once.
2.)如果被連接的`句子是___________,則用連接詞___________
如：_Does he live in that house? ( She asked me …) She asked me if/ whether he lived in that house.
_Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know…) I want to know if you have finished your homework.
3) ___________句，用原句中的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)：what, who, where, when, which, why, how (many/ much/ often/ long/ old).如： Who are you waiting for? Can you tell me? --- Can you tell me who you are waiting for?
What did he do yesterday? I don’t know. ---I don’t know what he did yesterday.
___其中 以wh- 疑問詞或how 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與動(dòng)詞不定式可相互轉(zhuǎn)換
如I don’t know what I can do.可以說成 I don’t know what to do.
The policeman showed me where I could get books. 可以說成The policeman showed me where to get books.
Can you tell me how I can make a kite?可以說成 Can you tell me how to make a kite?
4).賓語(yǔ)從句___________。在_________________________________等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)中，如果從句謂語(yǔ)是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語(yǔ)上去，而將從句謂語(yǔ)改為肯定形式。如：I don’t think he has time to play with the girl.
二.綜合練習(xí)
1.I want to know __
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after
2.I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A.when does he come B.how will he come C.if he comes D.whether he'll come
3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A.what B.how C.whether D.where
4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.how he mended D.what he mended
5.I don't know if he____ tomorrow. If he _____，I'll tell you.
A.comes, comes B.will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
6.Do you know where _________ now?A.he lives B.does he live C.he lived D.did he live
7.Do you know what time ___?A.the train leave B.does the train leave C.will the train leave Dthe train leaves
8.I don't know _________ .Can you tell me，please? A.how the two players are old
B.how old are the two players C.the two players are how old D.how old the two players are
9.The small children don't know _________ . A.what is their stockings in
B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings
10.I can't understand _________ . A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does mean
C.what mean Christmas does D.what Christmas means
11 . When the job______, let me know. A .do B .done C .is done D .finished
12 .She asked me if I knew__ .A .whose pen is it B .whose pen it was C whose pen it is D .whose pen was it 13 .Miss Li wants to know _____________next week . A .when my uncle leaves
B .when will my uncle leave C .where my uncle will stay D .where does my uncle stay
14 .Could you tell me ________________with the money ? A .how to do B .what should I do C .how I should do D .what I should do
中考賓語(yǔ)從句真題演練
( )1. Everyone can play an important role in the society.As members，we should try our best to do__.
A. what we should do B. what should we do C. how we should do
( )2. --I really hope to keep in touch with Lily. --Sorry. I don't know __.
A. what her name is B. what her job is C. what her number is D. when she left
( )3 —Can you tell me ______? —By doing more speaking. A how I will improve my English
B. which way can I choose C. how do I deal with my English D. what’s wrong with my English
( )4. How lovely the dog is ! Can you tell me _____?
A. where did you get it B. where will you get it C. where you got it
( )5.. --Excuse me, could you tell me ____ the book about aliens? --Sure, take the escalator to the second floor.
A. where I can buy B. where can I buy C. when can I buy D. when I can buy
( )6-“Do you know_ have our summer holiday?”-“Next week.”A.when will we B.when are weC. when we will
( )7 ---Do you know ____ the MP4 yesterday? -- Sorry, I’ve no idea about it.
A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid for C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for
( )8--What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -- Sorry. I don’t know ___.
A. when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back Dhow long he will stay abroad
( )9. You can’t image ___ when the pupils received these nice presents on Children’s Day.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
( )10. –Can you tell me ______?–She is in the computer lab.
A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. where was Linda D. where Linda
( )11. –Do you know _______ the Capital Museum? –Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited
( )12. He wanted to know____the English party.
A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have
( )13. I want to know_______.
A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at
( )14. –David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me_______? –He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is
( )15. –Do you know___the girl in red is? –I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what
( )16. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it is
( )17. I really want to know ____ . A. what is wrong with my brother
B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday
( )18. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ?
A.where is the bank nearestB. where is the nearest bankC.where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where
( )19.Lily’s mother looked for her for half an hour, but couldn’t find ____.
A. What Lily was. B. What was Lily C. Where Lily was D. Where was Lily
( )20--Could you tell me___? He is wanted by the head teacher.--Sorry, I’ve no idea.But he _ here just now.
A. where Tim was, was B. where is Tim，was C. where Tim is，was D.where Tim is，is
三、狀語(yǔ)從句：
一).條件狀語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)詞為:if, unless。
形式：
主句_______________, 從句______________.
練習(xí)：1.I am waiting for my friend.____________, I’ll do shopping alone.
A.If she comes B.If she will come C.If she doesn’t come D.If she didn’t come
2.I am sure I can make it better, if our teacher _________me a second chance.A.give B.gave C.gives D.will give
3.The art club is for members only. You can’t go in___you are a member. A.unless B.Because C.if D.though
4.I ________the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A.will return B.returned C.have returned D.return
5. 1)You won’t pass the final exam ___________(除非)you work hard.
2) The children __________ climb the mountain if it __________________(不下雨)
3) _______________________if he comes. (給我打電話)
二)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：(常見從屬連詞有when,before, after, until, as soon as, while…)
1)As soon as he _____in Paris, he will call you. A.arrive B.arrived C.arrives
2)Don’t leave until the rain_______.A.stopped B.stops C.stopping D.stop
3)You can go skating after you ____A.finish the job B.finished the job C.finishing the job
4) I’ll tell her the good news when he _____ back. A.came B.comes C.come
5)Father was watching TV ________ Mum was washing dishes. A.before B. while C.after D.until
6)I was watching TV ____ you called me last night. A.when B.while C.until D.after
7) I ______ here since I came to China. A.lived B.have lived C.am living D. had living
8).My grandma didn’t go to sleep______ I got back home. A.till B.until C.since D.when
三)原因狀語(yǔ)從句： (常用連詞有because, since, as)
1. Tom is ill at home, _____he can’t come here. A.so B.if C.because D.and
2.—Why did you come to school late this morning?--___I watched the Football World Cup until 12:00 last night. A.If B.Because C.Since D.Though
3.I hope to go to France some day__there are many museums there.A.though B. unless C. because D. where
四)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：由so… that…/such…that/so that引導(dǎo)的從句(so后接形、副原級(jí))
1)與too…to…句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. =______________________________________________
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it= ___________________________________________________
2)“so… that +從句”與“enough to”的替換
He’s so strong that he can carry the box.=___________________________________________________
He is not old enough to go to school.=________________________________________________________
3)so that…/ so…that…/such…that ____________________________________________________________
如：He got up early in the morning so that he could catch the early bus.
The boy is so strong that he can lift up the heavy stone. He is such a clever boy that all of us like him.
練習(xí)：1.--He was _______tired ______he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. -- Oh, we can go out and let him have a good rest..A.too;to B.so; that C.enough; to D.such; that
2.There were _______many people ____I couldn’t find where she is. A.so;that B.so;as C.such;that D.as;that
3. He ran as fast as possible__he could reach school on time. A.in order to B so as to C such that D so that
4. They are ___interesting books __ I want to read them once more.A.so that B.such…that C.too…to D.so…that
綜合練習(xí)
1.You may leave the classroom when you__writing.A.will finish Bare finishing C have finished Dhad finished
2. Would you give Johnny this letter if you ________ to see him this week.
A. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened
3. She was busy, ____she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night. A. and B. so C. or D. but
4. English is ________ a useful language ________ it is spoken in many countries of the world.
A. so…that B. such…that C. so…because D. such…because
5. Don’t cross the street __ the traffic lights are green. A. after B. until C. while D. since
6. Your dream won’t come true__ you know what your dream is. A. after B. unless C. while D. since
7. --Could you ask him if he __to my birthday party next Sunday? –I will, if I __ him this afternoon.
A. comes, meet B. will come, will meet C. comes, will meet D. will come, meet
8. Sarah is ______ a hard-working girl ______ she often works late into night.
A. so; that B. too; to C. such; that D. not only; but also
狀語(yǔ)從句真題練習(xí)
1.—Where was your brother at this time last night?—He was writing an e-mail ___I was watching TV at home.
A.as soon as B.after C.until D.while
2.The film “Kung Fu Panda” is___interesting__I would like to see it again. A.such,that B.too,to C.as,as D.so that
3.Tom will call me as soon as he ___home. A.gets B.has got C.got D.will get
4. We will have no water to drink___we don’t protect the earth. A.until B.before C.though D.if
5.We won’t start the meeting ___our teacher arrives. A.though B.until C.while D.or
6.Bob promises to join in the football match____he has to help his parents on the farm..
A. if B.as C. unless D. when
7.___it’s difficult to make her dream come ture, she never gives up. A.Though B.Unless C.Because D.If
8.---Could you tell me when Mr. Li___in Huanggang?---Sure. When he ___, I’ll call you.
A.arrives; will arrive B.will arrive; arrives C.arrives; arrives D.will arrive; will arrive
9.In summer, food goes bad easily__it is put in the refrigerator. A.until B.if C.unless
10.A moment, please. I’m checking if Mr. Smith__free tomorrow. A.is B.being C.to be D.will be
11.I didn’t go to bed __my mother came back late last night.A.so; B.until C.though
12.Hurry up,___you will miss the early train. A. or B.and C.if D.unless
13.---Tommy, do you know if Frank___to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ___?---Sorry, I have no idea.
A.will go, is fine; B.goes, is fine C.will go, is going to be fine D.goes; will be fine
14.What a beautiful painting it is! I’ve never seen ___painting. A.such a B.a C.such D.this better
15.I don’t know __he will come tomorrow.___he comes, I’ll tell you.
A.if, Whether B.whether, Whether C.if, That D.if, If
復(fù)合句綜合檢測(cè)
( )1.Is this museum_ they visited last month? A. that B. where C. which D. the one
( )2. Is that book ____ he borrowed on Friday? A. that B. which C. who D. the one
( )3 The second book__I want to read is Business at the Speed of Thought. A. which B. what C. that D. as
( )4 –Do you know the man __is running along the street? A who B which C whom
( )5. Without friendship, one can’t be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days ___I spent with my dearest friend. A that B when C who
( )6 This is the best TV play __we have seen this year. A when B what C who D that
( )7--Have you found the information about famous people ____you can use for report?
--Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A which B who C what D whom
( )8--Have you been to the Sports Center___ is just opened in town? - -No, no yet.
A where B who C that D when
( )9 --Bob, where do you work?--I work for a company ___sells cars. A which B where C what
( )10____ have finished the work can leave. A. Those who B. Anyone C. The one who
( )11. The building that ___new is our school. A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )12. The pandas that we saved ____better now. A. are B. were C. is D. was
( )13 This is the only thing _________ I have lost.A.which B.that C.where
( )14.--Could you tell me____?--Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting. B what did he say at the meeting. C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting
( )15. No one can be sure____ in a million years.
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what man will look like
( )16. -- Could you tell me ____?-- She is a student in Eton School.
A. where Kate is studying B. how Kate studies C .why Kate was studying D. when Kate studied
( )17.-- Could you tell me___ yesterday?-- About two hours. A. How long it takes to fly to Guilin B. How long it took to fly to Guilin C.How long does it take to fly to Guiln D. How long did it take to fly to Guilin
( )18. Please tell me____.A. what is wrong with the boy B. what is the boy wrong C. what wrong the boy is
( )19. She will hate him when she _more about him .A.knowsB .know C.will know Dis going to know
( )20. --Excuse me. Do you know_____?--Sorry, I don’t know. A. where is No. 1 Middle School
B. where No. 1 Middle School is C. No. 1 Middle School is where D. No. 1 Middle School where is
( )21. At the science museum，the boys and girls get to know__________. A. what is the spaceship like
B. what the spaceship looks like C. how the spaceship looks 1ike D. how does the spaceship1ook like
( )22. He didn’t tell me ____.
A. which floor did he live on B. which floor he lived on C. which floor he lived D. he lived on which floor
( )23. I’m new here. Could you tell me__, please?A. when does the first bus arrive B. when the first bus arrives
C. when did the first bus arrive D.when will the first bus arrive
( )24. I wonder how long_______school?
A. has he been away from B. he has been away C. he has left D. he has been away from
( )25. ---We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet. ---Really? Will you please show ____it? ‘
A. what to use B. how to use C. how can I use D. where can I use
( )26. The teacher asked the students . A. if they were interested in chatting online
B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how often they go to movies
( )27---Could you tell me how long __the book?--Three days.
A.I can keep B.can I borrow C.I can borrow D. can I keep
( )28.I can’t understand ___the boy alone at home.
A.why she left B.did she leave C.why had she left D.why she leave
( )29. You will not succeeded if you ______ harder. A. will work B. won’t work C. work D. don’t work
( )30.Write clearly __your teacher can understand you correctly. A.since B.for C.because Dso that
( )31.______he failed , he went on doing the experiment .A. Even B. Yet C. Although D. in spite of
( )32.The dog went out while we __ supper. A. had B. had had C. were having D. would have
( )33.His brother has worked there ________ he left schoo A.when B. after C. since D. until
( )34.The boy didn’t stop talking ____the second bell rang. A.when B. until C. after D. because
( )35. __I came into the office, the teacher were having a meeting.A.While B. When C. Once D. Since
( )36.I was about to leave my house __ the telephone rang. A.while B. as C. when D. since
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