初三英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高效的學(xué)習(xí)，要學(xué)會(huì)給自己定定目標(biāo)(大、小、長(zhǎng)、短)，這樣學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)有一個(gè)方向;然后要學(xué)會(huì)梳理自身學(xué)習(xí)情況，以課本為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合自己做的筆記、試卷、掌握的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、存在的問(wèn)題等。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)初三英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)您有所幫助!
初三英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞不定式
一. 定義：
由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞。而非限定動(dòng)詞是指那些在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，可分為不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。“動(dòng)詞不定式”由動(dòng)詞+不定式構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何句子成分。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。
二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：to+動(dòng)詞原形
(1)作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： (1)把不定式置于句首。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：
It+be+名詞+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?
It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
It+be+形容詞+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary 等;
在句型中，常用careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。
在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)舉例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
1、It's so nice to hear your voice.
聽到你的聲音真高興。
2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
1、It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。
注意：
(1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
(3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型
(對(duì))To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。
(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.
三. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)
后面能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
1、We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。
2、The man decided to do it herself. 那個(gè)男人決定自己做那件事。
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)(2點(diǎn))
1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同：
remember to do 記住要做某事
remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事
forget to do忘記要做某事
forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事
stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事
2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
初三英語(yǔ)考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)
固定搭配:
only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
賣出了許多書.
9many, much的用法
Many,much都意為"許多",many +可數(shù)名詞,much +不可數(shù)名詞.
How many people are there at the meeting
How much time has we left
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
初三英語(yǔ)備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
介詞的固定搭配
介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。
(1)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。
(2)介詞與名詞的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類
(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的`賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：
Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike.
(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：
You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
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