人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第八單元小歸納

時(shí)間：2020-10-16 11:59:36 維維0由分享

人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第八單元1

【語(yǔ)法講解】

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (Present Perfect Tense)

(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把燈關(guān)上了。

(2)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

常與since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間段+ego, so far等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已經(jīng)住在這里10年了。(從10年前開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒)

Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自從2003年我就住在這兒。(從2003年開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒)

(3) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) (當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)has,其余人稱用have。)

①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

③一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他

—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑問(wèn)句及肯定、否定回答)

(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別

? Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng))

Eg. ---Where is your father?

---He has gone to Shanghai.

? Have/Has been (to) :去過(guò)(已不在去過(guò)的地方)

Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

? Have/has been in：呆了多久(還在所呆的地方)

Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志：

①常與just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。

Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

②for + 時(shí)間段;since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn);since + 段時(shí)間 ago;since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。

They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

(6)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化

規(guī)則變化： 1. 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

3. 以―輔音字母 + y‖結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

4. 詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped

不規(guī)則變化：

5. 以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

6. 若中間有雙寫e，則去掉一個(gè)e，單詞末尾再加t。如：

feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

7. 結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent

8. 變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如：buy → bought → bought;

bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught

人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第八單元2

【話題寫作】

請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”為題，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇演講稿。

背景

1.認(rèn)為上中學(xué)時(shí)吃好穿好是應(yīng)該的;

2.走向社會(huì)后沒(méi)有感恩意識(shí)。

學(xué)會(huì)感恩

1.感謝社會(huì)提供良好的教育機(jī)會(huì);

2.感謝父母供養(yǎng)自己上學(xué);

3.感謝老師傳授知識(shí);

4.感謝朋友的鼓勵(lì)與幫助。

參考詞匯：enter society 進(jìn)入社會(huì)， sense of thanks 感恩意識(shí)， behavior 行為

要求：

1.短文應(yīng)包括所提供的所有內(nèi)容，可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯;

2.演講稿中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、地名及能夠透露你個(gè)人身份的信息;

3.詞數(shù)：80詞左右。開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考范文：

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t know how to show any sense of thanks.

I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they can always give us courage and help.

In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and friends. At present, we should study harder to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening!

人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)第八單元3

重點(diǎn)句型解析

1. As soon as the man finish talking, Yu Gong said that his family…

as soon as意為“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Please call back as soon as you arrive home.

請(qǐng)你一到家，就給我回電。

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.

我一到那兒就給你寫信。

As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.

我一進(jìn)門，Katherine 就高興的叫起來(lái)。

【拓展】as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句前后時(shí)態(tài)搭配：

(1) 主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如：

He will come to my home as soon as he gets to Beijing.

他一到北京就來(lái)我家。

(2) 主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.

他一坐下，就拿出他的英語(yǔ)書。

2. Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent two gods to take the mountains away.

so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于……”，此句型中，so是副詞，常用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。常用句型為：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+ so+ adj./adv. + that從句。例如：

Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.

我們的老師是如此好心以至于我們都喜歡他。

He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.

他跑得那么快，我們班沒(méi)有人能追上他。

【拓展】“如此……以至于……”歸納：

(1) so + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句 = such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)名詞+ that從句。例如：

It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. = It was such a fine day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.

昨天天氣很好，我們都出去野餐了。

(2) such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句。例如：

They are such good students that the teacher likes them.

他們都是很好的學(xué)生，老師喜歡他們。

It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.

昨天天氣很好，我們?nèi)?a href='http://www.zbfsgm.com/yundong/youyongqianshui/' target='_blank'>游泳了。

(3)當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many, much, few, little等修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such。例如：

There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.

外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽(tīng)到老師的話。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.

他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。

3. It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.

seem此處作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“似乎;好像”，后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。可以和seem to be相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry.

他好像非常生氣。

【拓展】

(1) “主語(yǔ) + seem + (to be) +表語(yǔ)”，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。例如：

Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. Tom

看上去是一個(gè)非常聰明的男孩。

Mr. Black seemed to be quite happy.

Black先生好像十分快樂(lè)。

(2) “主語(yǔ) + seem + 不定式”，此句型中，seem與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。例如：

Mrs. Green doesn’t seem to like the idea.

格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。

The children seemed to be eating something in the room.

孩子們好像正在房間里吃東西呢。

(3) “It seems + that從句”，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.

似乎沒(méi)有人知道在公園里發(fā)生了什么事。

It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not come again.

在我看來(lái)布朗先生不會(huì)再來(lái)了。

(4) “There + seem to be + 名詞”，to be可省略，seem的單復(fù)數(shù)要由后面的名詞決定。例如：

There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team.

看來(lái)我們戰(zhàn)勝那個(gè)隊(duì)沒(méi)有多大希望。

There seems no need to wait longer. 看來(lái)沒(méi)有再等的必要了。

4. ...what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.

unless是連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“除非……;如果不……;除了……”，常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定意義的真實(shí)條件句，有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。主要用于下列情況：

(1) 主句為肯定句：

You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.

你要不快點(diǎn)就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)班車。

You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder.

如果你不再加把勁，你化學(xué)考試還會(huì)不及格。

(2) 主句為否定句：

One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.

不下苦功夫是學(xué)不好外語(yǔ)的。

I will not go unless I hear from him.

如果我不收到他的來(lái)信，我就不去。

【拓展】unless與if…not的辨析

5. Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us?