高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
高二學(xué)期起老師逐步開(kāi)始對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)歸納與聯(lián)系，這時(shí)要認(rèn)真聽(tīng)好課、做好筆記和練習(xí)。絕不要脫離上下文孤立地死記硬背。要堅(jiān)信自己一定能達(dá)到目的，堅(jiān)信自己有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力和語(yǔ)言方面的才能。小編帶來(lái)了高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。
介詞分為三種，一種是簡(jiǎn)單介詞，如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一種是短語(yǔ)介詞，即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組組成的短語(yǔ)，in front of, because of, out of, instead 如 of 等;還有一種二重介詞，如 until after, from behind 等。
(一) 介詞的句法功能：介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng) 一個(gè)成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、 作定語(yǔ)： The book on the table is mine.
2、 作狀語(yǔ)： have breakfast at seven. We (表時(shí)間)They were late for meeting because of the heavy ; rain.(表原因) ;They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
3、 作表語(yǔ)： My dictionary is in the bag.
4、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： I found him in the office.
(二) 1.表示時(shí)間的介詞
(1) in表示“在某一時(shí)間段”或“在某一時(shí)候”，如用在月、季、年份、時(shí)代、世紀(jì)等時(shí)間名詞的前面，或用來(lái)泛指一天的某一段時(shí)間。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示從說(shuō)話起的若干時(shí)間內(nèi)。
如： in July/summer/2000/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于帶有修飾語(yǔ)的一天的某個(gè)時(shí)間段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3) at表示“在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，或用來(lái)表示不確定的時(shí)間和短期的假日、時(shí)節(jié)等。
如：at six o'clock, at Easter
(4) over, through (out)兩者均指“經(jīng)過(guò)的全部時(shí)間”。
如：Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for與since：for表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的全部時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”之意;since用于指從過(guò)去特定的某個(gè)時(shí)刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間;含有since時(shí)間短語(yǔ)的句子要用完成時(shí)，但含有for時(shí)間短語(yǔ)的句子不一定要用完成時(shí)。
高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2
【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】
1. put forward 提出
2. conclude 結(jié)束，結(jié)論
3. draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
4. defeat 打敗
5. attend 照顧，護(hù)理，出席
6. expose to 使顯露
7. cure 治愈，治療
8. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)
9. suspect 懷疑，被懷疑者
10. blame 責(zé)備
11. handle 柄，把手，處理，掌控
12. link 聯(lián)系，連接
13. link to 將…和…連接
14. announce 宣布
15. contribute 捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)
16. apart from 除了
17. be strict with 對(duì)…嚴(yán)格
18. make sense 講的通，有意義
19. spin 使旋轉(zhuǎn)
20. reject 拒絕，拋棄
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. What do you know about infectious diseases?
你對(duì)傳染性疾病了解多少?
2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
約翰·_是倫敦一位的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私_夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助患了霍亂的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奮。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無(wú)法控制的。
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。
7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
約翰·_猜想第二個(gè)理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。
8. It seemed that the water was to blame.
看來(lái)要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。
9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
約翰·_馬上叫寬街上驚惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從兩個(gè)與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。
【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
一. 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。
1. 過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異:
The store is now closed.(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被動(dòng))
2. 某些過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，多半用來(lái)表示人物所處的心理狀態(tài)或情感變化, 其主語(yǔ)主要是人。
這類過(guò)去分詞通常為下列過(guò)去分詞: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。
1. 過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，置于其所修飾的名詞之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。
2. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書面語(yǔ)中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
他們朋友舉行的音樂(lè)會(huì)大為成功。
3. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后常有逗號(hào)。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.
他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。
高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí))
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來(lái))
? divide...into 把…分開(kāi) (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來(lái)
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問(wèn)
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見(jiàn)的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語(yǔ);不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會(huì)談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù) n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
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高二英語(yǔ)上下冊(cè)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
