高二英語上下冊的知識點總結(jié)
高二學(xué)期起老師逐步開始對所學(xué)語法進行復(fù)習(xí)歸納與聯(lián)系，這時要認(rèn)真聽好課、做好筆記和練習(xí)。絕不要脫離上下文孤立地死記硬背。要堅信自己一定能達到目的，堅信自己有堅強的毅力和語言方面的才能。小編帶來了高二英語上下冊的知識點總結(jié)，希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語上下冊的知識點總結(jié)1
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。
介詞分為三種，一種是簡單介詞，如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一種是短語介詞，即由兩個以上的詞組組成的短語，in front of, because of, out of, instead 如 of 等;還有一種二重介詞，如 until after, from behind 等。
(一) 介詞的句法功能：介詞不能獨立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng) 一個成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、 作定語： The book on the table is mine.
2、 作狀語： have breakfast at seven. We (表時間)They were late for meeting because of the heavy ; rain.(表原因) ;They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法)
3、 作表語： My dictionary is in the bag.
4、 作賓語補足語： I found him in the office.
(二) 1.表示時間的介詞
(1) in表示“在某一時間段”或“在某一時候”，如用在月、季、年份、時代、世紀(jì)等時間名詞的前面，或用來泛指一天的某一段時間。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示從說話起的若干時間內(nèi)。
如： in July/summer/2000/ancient times
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于帶有修飾語的一天的某個時間段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
(3) at表示“在某一時間點”，或用來表示不確定的時間和短期的假日、時節(jié)等。
如：at six o'clock, at Easter
(4) over, through (out)兩者均指“經(jīng)過的全部時間”。
如：Stay over the Christmas.
(5) for與since：for表示動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的全部時間長度，為“長達……”之意;since用于指從過去特定的某個時刻到說話時為止的一段時間;含有since時間短語的句子要用完成時，但含有for時間短語的句子不一定要用完成時。
高二英語上下冊的知識點總結(jié)2
【重點詞匯、短語】
1. put forward 提出
2. conclude 結(jié)束，結(jié)論
3. draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
4. defeat 打敗
5. attend 照顧，護理，出席
6. expose to 使顯露
7. cure 治愈，治療
8. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)
9. suspect 懷疑，被懷疑者
10. blame 責(zé)備
11. handle 柄，把手，處理，掌控
12. link 聯(lián)系，連接
13. link to 將…和…連接
14. announce 宣布
15. contribute 捐獻，貢獻
16. apart from 除了
17. be strict with 對…嚴(yán)格
18. make sense 講的通，有意義
19. spin 使旋轉(zhuǎn)
20. reject 拒絕，拋棄
【重點句型】
1. What do you know about infectious diseases?
你對傳染性疾病了解多少?
2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
約翰·_是倫敦一位的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私_夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助患了霍亂的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奮。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二種看法是在吃飯的時候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。
7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
約翰·_猜想第二個理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。
8. It seemed that the water was to blame.
看來要歸罪于飲用水了。
9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
約翰·_馬上叫寬街上驚惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從兩個與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。
【語法總結(jié)】
過去分詞作定語和表語
一. 過去分詞作表語
作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，強調(diào)主謂關(guān)系;被動語態(tài)表示動作，強調(diào)動賓關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語來表示。
1. 過去分詞做表語與被動語態(tài)的差異:
The store is now closed.(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被動)
2. 某些過去分詞作表語，多半用來表示人物所處的心理狀態(tài)或情感變化, 其主語主要是人。
這類過去分詞通常為下列過去分詞: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 過去分詞作定語
作定語的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。
1. 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，置于其所修飾的名詞之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。
2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。
3. 過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.
他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。
高二英語上下冊的知識點總結(jié)3
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒有進行時)
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來)
? divide...into 把…分開 (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習(xí)慣用語】★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語+賓補( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù) n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂見的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 對…產(chǎn)生影響 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
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