高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)堅(jiān)持不懈的過(guò)程，走走停停便難有成就。比如燒開(kāi)水，在燒到80度是停下來(lái)，等水冷了又燒，沒(méi)燒開(kāi)又停，如此周而復(fù)始，又費(fèi)精力又費(fèi)電，很難喝到水。以下是小編給大家整理的高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
一、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有：
從屬連詞：that whether
連接代詞：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
連接副詞：when where how why
二、用法
主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
①主語(yǔ)從句常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，一般常用句型為：It is+{名詞/形容詞/過(guò)去分詞}+主語(yǔ)從句例如：
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It is strange that you should like him.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
另外，還有一些比較多見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)：
It turned out that……;
It has been proved that……;
It happened/occurred that……;
It is well-known that……等等
②而強(qiáng)調(diào)句則不同，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It is the times that produce their heroes.時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.
強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句有一個(gè)方法，就是將that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出來(lái)單獨(dú)看，看有沒(méi)有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面that前面的那部分，帶到你認(rèn)為缺成分的地方，如果放進(jìn)去是一句完整的句子了，那就說(shuō)明是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
2. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) It is +名詞+that從句
It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是……
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識(shí)
(2) it is +形容詞+that從句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
(3) it +不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句
It seems that… 似乎……
It happened that… 碰巧……
(4) it is+過(guò)去分詞+that從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)……
3.主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not..
(5) 含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)，而that 則不然。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
三、賓語(yǔ)從句用以區(qū)分主語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)特征
1、引導(dǎo)詞：what which whose when whet herif where
2語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句必須是用陳述語(yǔ)句。(名詞性從句都是陳述語(yǔ)序)
如：I think that you must work harder.
賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞、連接詞的區(qū)別、否定轉(zhuǎn)移等現(xiàn)象。
補(bǔ)充：從句的語(yǔ)序永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句。
高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
【First aid知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 給予傷員的急救。
短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想：
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 幫助某人
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 醫(yī)療救護(hù)
with the aid of 借助于
get injured 受傷，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get + 及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這叫 get - 型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我們搬家的時(shí)候，電腦碰壞了。
高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you
4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，;而過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有用
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高二英語(yǔ)選修三第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
