高二英語必修四知識點
知識掌握的巔峰，應(yīng)該在一輪復(fù)習(xí)之后，也就是在你把所有知識重新?lián)炱饋碇蟆＿@樣看來，應(yīng)對高二這一變化的較優(yōu)選擇，下面給大家?guī)硪恍╆P(guān)于高二英語必修四知識點，希望對大家有所幫助。
高二英語必修四知識點1
1. amuse
「課文原句」Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. (P33)
「名師點撥」amuse vt. 意為“使高興;使開心”，和please(取悅于;讓……高興)是近義詞。amuse oneself意為“自娛自樂;消遣”。amuse的名詞形式是amusement.如：I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train. They are more than amusement parks with rides， such as a Ferris wheel， merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)
Carl came last in the race， much to my amusement.「知識拓展」amused adj. 意為“逗樂的;覺得好笑的”，常用be amused (at / by sth)，指“覺得有趣;好笑;以……為樂”。如：She was very amused by / at your comments. Amused by the flying kites， the child stopped crying.
2. various
「課文原句」Though parks share this basic purpose， they find various ways to meet this need. (P33)
「名師點撥」various adj. 意為“不同的;各種各樣的”，相當(dāng)于different kinds of，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：At the meeting， the people present expressed their various opinions. The students were late for various reasons.「知識拓展」various是由動詞vary(變化)派生而來的形容詞，它的副詞形式是variously.variety是名詞，意為“有變化”，用a variety of表示“各種各樣的;多種多樣的”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可與various互用。如：These new parks have a variety of things to see and do. (P33)
3. charge
「課文原句」They all charge money for admission， and for the rides and shows in the park. (P33)
「名師點撥」charge通常作及物動詞，意為“收(費);索(價)”，此時charge后接賓語(被收費的對象)和錢數(shù);如果接購買的商品或其它原因，用for連接。如：I‘ll charge you five dollars. How much do you charge for a haircut?
charge還可以表示“把……歸咎于(to， on， upon);告發(fā);在控告(with)”。如：Bob was charged with the murder， but he refused to admit it.
「知識拓展」charge作名詞時，構(gòu)成許多固定搭配：in charge(主管);in charge of(負(fù)責(zé)某事);in the charge of(由……管);take charge of(負(fù)責(zé)管理)。如：The doctor in charge told us to be calm. Who is in charge of the school instead of Mr Black?
The factory has been in the charge of the new boss for five months. Can you take charge of this class please， Miss Li?
4. profit
「課文原句」The big companies that own them parks except to make a profit not just by the charges for admission… (P33)
「名師點撥」profit n.意為“利潤;經(jīng)濟上的好處”，既可數(shù)也不可數(shù)，用作復(fù)數(shù)的場合較多;也可譯為“好處;益處(不可數(shù))”。make a profit指“獲得利潤”。如：Tom said he would give up his profits if there were no explanations to give him. She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.「知識拓展」profit也可作及物或不及物動詞，profit by意為“從……中得到好處”。如：You must make it clear what it will profit me. You may profit by the experience of others.
5. advance
「課文原句」… and there are future parks， where people can go on imaginary trips to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future. (P34)
「名師點撥」advanced adj. 意為“高級的;先進的”，其動詞形式是advance，可作及物動詞或不及物動詞，意為“推進;促進;提前”。如：The Party Committee is going to advance our career to a new stage. (及物動詞)
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. (及物動詞)
After having studied abroad for three years， they didn‘t advance in knowledge at all. (不及物動詞)
高二英語必修四知識點2
過去分詞做狀語
Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..
Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.
過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，vi過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.
1作原因狀語，等于as/since/because引導(dǎo)從句
Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…
2作時間狀語，等于when引導(dǎo)時間從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/while/until等使時間意義更明確。
Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…
3作條件狀語等于if/whether引導(dǎo)從句
Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….
Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…
4作方式或伴隨狀語
Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.
Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
5作讓步狀語
Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he….
6獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。
Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.
1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…
2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…
3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
Ifweweregivenmoretime,
4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,
5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,
6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動關(guān)系。
Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.
由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)
______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)
belostin
bedressedin
beinterestedin
bedevotedto
besupposedto?becaughtintherain
beseatedin
bepreparedfor
bedeterminedto
2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generallyspeaking一般說來
strictly/franklyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說
judgingfrom從…判斷
allthingsconsidered從整體來看
takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看來
例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.
總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的動作)
Practice
1.CompleteeachsentencesusingtheP.P.oftherightverb.
buildfrightentrapfollowshootseeexamine
1________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.
2Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.
3Afterhavingbeen_________carefully,theroomwaslockedagain.
4.______in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.
5_____fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.
6If_____inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.
7Although______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.
練習(xí)
1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven
2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
ABeingfoundedBItwasfounded
CFoundedDFounding
3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
AinvitedBinviting
CbeinginvitedDhavinginvited
4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
AHehadbeentoldmanytimes
BHavingbeentoldmanytimes
CToldmanytimes
DAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes
5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
AintroducingBintroduced
CintroduceDbeingintroduced
6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.
Aleave/sendBleft/tosend
Cleft/sendDleaving/send
作介詞but,expect,besides的賓語，前面又有實意動詞do時，不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.
AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohide
CHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide
8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.
A.following,followingB.followed,followed
C.following,followedD.followed,following
9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.
A.looked;takenB.looking;taken
C.looked;tookD.looking;taking
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtied
C.tobetiedD.tied
11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.Togive
C.GivingD.Havinggiven
高二英語必修四知識點3
1.非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成和語法功能及用法對比。
2.非謂語動詞的完成式、被動式的用法和特點。
3.非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4.不定式與動名詞，動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，分詞作狀語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對比。
5.不定式和動名詞在及物動詞后作賓語的區(qū)別是考查的熱點。
6.過去分詞作定語，不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的用法。
7.不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別
英語句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語與謂語兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語都由動詞來充當(dāng)。如果對句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動詞與非謂語動詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個簡單句。主語是The children，謂語部分是will go on the stage，動詞play顯然在句中不作謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語children之間的主動關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動作正在進行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。
考點二、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析
作狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語, 不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同。 動詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時，雖然它的邏輯主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。請看下面例題：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號是無力連接兩個句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個簡單句，非謂語動詞短語放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動詞短語get tired of與其邏輯主語Julia之間的主動關(guān)系，以及謂語動詞與非謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。
考點三、考查非謂語動詞邏輯主語的分辨
非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點在于正確分辨非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語的時候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語動詞放在句首作狀語的時候，一般來說，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時，又會出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請看下面例題：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
這兩個非謂語動詞短語的邏輯主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。
請再看下面例題：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的被動關(guān)系以及非謂語動詞所表示動作發(fā)生的時間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進行)。
考點四、考查非謂語動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的把握
非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但它仍然具有動詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語(邏輯主語),也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞的各種時態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語動詞的一般式或進行式(側(cè)重強調(diào)動作正在進行);如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語動詞的完成式(特別強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語動詞的語態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依據(jù)非謂語動詞hear與其邏輯主語his friends之間的主動關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來作時間狀語，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作“聽說”發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞“來”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語時使用)，意為“聽說Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為B。
考點五、考查非謂語動詞作主語時句式的轉(zhuǎn)變
非謂語動詞(動詞不定式或動名詞)作主語主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語放在句首，作題時要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請看下面例題：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
根據(jù)對句式的分析，可以判斷出It是形式主語,真正的主語由非謂語動詞(動詞不定式或動名詞)來充當(dāng)。依據(jù)表語的特性以及句式的特點,我們可以斷定第1題應(yīng)該填動詞不定式，即to be，第2題應(yīng)該填動名詞，即waiting。
六、考查作定語的非謂語動詞的判斷
非謂語動詞作定語主要考查非謂語動詞作后置定語的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動行為還是被動行為,以及非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間性，即是正在進行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來說，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語往往表示動作是主動行為且正在進行當(dāng)中，如果動作是被動行為且正在進行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài);用過去分詞作定語往往表示動作是被動行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動詞不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作，如果是被動行為，就用動詞不定式一般式的被動語態(tài)。 例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語The boy之間的主動關(guān)系和cry的動作正在進行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。
【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______a good college.
A. enter。mB. to enter
C. entering。mD. entered
2He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope。mB. hope
C. hoping。mD. hoped
3.He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise。mB. to practise
C. practising。mD. practised
4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improve。mB. to improve
C. improvingD. to improving
5. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
高二英語必修四知識點4
一、不定式做主語：
1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。===動名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (對等)
注: 1). 不定式作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)
2). 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。
it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
-注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實主語， 而probable不能用不定式作真實主語。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯)
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表語
主語是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等為中心詞的名詞詞組 或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語常表示將來或現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三 、動詞不定式作賓語
以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語的動詞有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動詞不定式作賓語
口訣(接不定式作賓語的動詞)
想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算( want learn plan)
快準(zhǔn)備 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供選擇(agree offer choose)
決定了 已答應(yīng)(decide be determined promise)
盡力去 著手做(manage undertake)
別拒絕 別假裝(refuse pretend)
失敗不是屬于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
-注意:某些及物動詞可用-ing也可用動詞不定式作賓語但意義不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
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