2022高中英語必修二的課文及翻譯
想像力比知識更重要。因?yàn)橹R是有限的，而想像力是無限，它包含了一切，推動(dòng)著進(jìn)步，是人類進(jìn)化的源泉。下面小編給大家分享一些2022高中英語必修二的課文及翻譯，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
從問題重重到迎刃而解
Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
社會(huì)進(jìn)步需要經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)帶來，在走向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。在發(fā)展與文化遺址保護(hù)之間尋找恰當(dāng)?shù)钠胶恻c(diǎn)，并加以保持，這可能是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
然而，巨大的挑戰(zhàn)有時(shí)會(huì)帶來偉大的解決方案。20世紀(jì)50年代，埃及政府打算在尼羅河上新建一座大壩，可以防洪、發(fā)電并為該地區(qū)更多的農(nóng)民供水。但是，該提議引發(fā)了抗議。因?yàn)榇髩涡沽骱芸赡軙?huì)損壞許多寺廟，摧毀一批文物，而這些文物是埃及文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分。在聽取了研究該問題的科學(xué)家以及大壩附近居民的意見后，政府于1959年向聯(lián)合國求助。
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960.
委員會(huì)成立了，旨在減少對埃及建筑物的破壞和防止文物的損失。該委員會(huì)要求各部門予以支持，并在國際范圍內(nèi)籌集資金。專家們經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究，多次測試，提出一個(gè)保住那些建筑的方案。最終，(埃及政府)簽署了一份文件，于1960年開始動(dòng)工。
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly million to the project.
該項(xiàng)目匯集了來自世界各地的政府機(jī)構(gòu)和環(huán)保人士。寺廟和其他文化遺址被逐塊拆解，運(yùn)至一個(gè)不受河水侵襲的安全地帶。1961年，德國工程師搬遷了第一座寺廟。在隨后的20年里，成千上萬的工程師和工人拯救了22座寺廟和不計(jì)其數(shù)的文物。五十個(gè)國家向該項(xiàng)目捐贈(zèng)了近8000萬美元。
When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
該項(xiàng)目于1980年完工，它被視為一個(gè)巨大的成功。這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國家合作共創(chuàng)美好未來的可能性。
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
如今，阿斯旺水壩工程的精神尚存。也許最好的例子就是聯(lián)合國教科文組織，該組織開展了一項(xiàng)防止世界各地世界文化遺產(chǎn)消失的計(jì)劃。如果一個(gè)問題對木一個(gè)國家來說難度太大，那么國際社會(huì)有時(shí)可為其提供一個(gè)解決方案。
A DAY IN THE CLOUDS
在云間度過的一天
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
空氣很稀薄，我們不得不在離開營地的短途徒步旅行中休息多次。在我們的左方，白雪皚皚的群山消失在似乎觸手可及的云層中。放眼平原，我們隱約看到一群體形優(yōu)美的動(dòng)物。這就是我們來到此地的原因——觀察藏羚羊。
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass. I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
藏羚羊生活在西藏、新疆和青海的平原上?？粗鼈冊诰G色的草地上緩慢移動(dòng)。我被其美麗所震撼，也想到了它們所處的險(xiǎn)境。因其珍貴的羊毛，它們正遭受非法獵殺。
My guide is Zhaxi, a village from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
我的導(dǎo)游扎西是一位來自羌塘的村民。他在羌塘國家自然保護(hù)區(qū)工作。該保護(hù)區(qū)是西藏西北部動(dòng)植物的庇護(hù)所。對于扎西來說，這片土地是神圣的，保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物是一種生活方式。“我們不是在試圖拯救動(dòng)物。”他說道，“其實(shí)我們是在努力拯救自己?！?/p>
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
上個(gè)世紀(jì)八-九十年代對于藏羚羊來說是一個(gè)悲慘的時(shí)代。藏羚羊數(shù)量減少了50%以上。獵人們?yōu)榱酥\利而射殺藏羚羊。隨著新公路和鐵路的修建，它們的棲息地也不斷縮小。
In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
為了使這個(gè)物種免遭滅絕，中國政府將其置于國家保護(hù)之下。扎西和其他志愿者晝夜守衛(wèi)著藏羚羊，保護(hù)它們免受攻擊。新增的橋梁和涵洞，便于藏羚羊自由穿行，防止它們撞上汽車和火車。
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
這些措施是有效的。藏羚羊的數(shù)量已經(jīng)恢復(fù)，2015年6月，藏羚羊從瀕危物種名單中刪除。然而，政府并沒有打算停止這些保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)閷Σ亓缪虻耐{尚未消失。
In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
夜晚時(shí)分，我喝著茶，仰望星空。心里想起藏羚羊和扎西對我說的那番話。在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)方面盡管我們正在做大量工作，但是如果我們真的想拯救地球，就必須改變我們自己的生活方式。只有學(xué)會(huì)與大自然和諧相處，我們才不會(huì)成為野生動(dòng)植物和地球的威脅。
STRONGER TOGETHER:
HOW WE HAVE BEEN CHANGED
BY THE INTERNET
團(tuán)結(jié)起來力量大：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何改變了我們
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping. We can get the most updated information from large databases. We can download software, documents, and images whenever we need them. But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
關(guān)于萬維網(wǎng)奇妙之處的著述瀚如煙海。講述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何使我們的生活更加方便的文章數(shù)不勝數(shù)。當(dāng)我們?nèi)ベ徫飼r(shí)，我們不再需要排隊(duì)或隨身攜帶現(xiàn)金。我們可以從大型數(shù)據(jù)庫獲得最新的信息。我們可以隨時(shí)下載軟件、文檔和圖片。然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為人們做的事情還很多，并不僅僅是讓生活更加便利。在線社區(qū)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)改變了人們的生活。
Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. She could listen to music, watch films, play games, and explore the world. She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
英國伯明翰的一位英語教師簡·夏曼尼突然身患重病，被迫辭職。50歲時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己失業(yè)了，困在家里，只有電腦相伴。過了一段時(shí)間，她發(fā)現(xiàn)上網(wǎng)可以幫助她減輕孤獨(dú)和無聊。她可以聽音樂、看電影、玩游戲和探索世界。她還加入了一個(gè)在線群組，在群里她可以談?wù)撟约旱膯栴}，并獲得他人的支持和建議。她意識到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的最大好處之一就是能夠消除通常存在于人與人之間的距離感。
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. She and her friends now organise events and collect money to pay for private teachers. Many people have been helped by the club. A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself, his daughter has time to study at university. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.
網(wǎng)友給了她很大的啟發(fā)，她決定成立一個(gè)IT俱樂部來教老年人如何使用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。如今，她和朋友們一起組織活動(dòng)，并募集資金來支付私人教師的工資。許多人得到了俱樂部的幫助。一名59歲的男子學(xué)會(huì)了如何在線申請工作，并找到了一份不錯(cuò)的工作?，F(xiàn)在他工作了，而且可以照顧好自己，他的女兒就有時(shí)間上大學(xué)了。一位61歲獨(dú)居?jì)D女與兩個(gè)朋友一起創(chuàng)辦了一家小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司。她不再感到孤獨(dú)，她的公司也相當(dāng)成功。
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
簡開始參加網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，更多地學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于如何利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓社會(huì)變得更加美好。她認(rèn)為，消除數(shù)字鴻溝、確保每個(gè)人都能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并知道如何運(yùn)用新技術(shù)是非常重要的。她的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)慈善網(wǎng)站，為貧窮國家的兒童募集資金。
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. “When you go through tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says. “Thinking about other people’s situations inspired me to offer help.”
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)極大地改善了簡的生活。“當(dāng)你身處逆境時(shí)，你會(huì)遇到面臨相似挑戰(zhàn)的人”簡說道，“想到別人的處境，我就會(huì)受到激勵(lì)，伸出援助之手?！?/p>
高中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
虛擬條件句
條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。
l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If+主語十過去時(shí)，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard.
2.條件從句與過去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If+主語+had+過去分詞，主語+should(could, would，或might)+have+過去分詞，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
3.條件從句與將來事實(shí)不一致，句型為：lf+主語+should/were to+do，主語+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
注意：
1.If條件句中絕對不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2-根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都遵守上述句型。
3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were，had，should可省去if'
將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝，例如：w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球，我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。
動(dòng)作
at+名詞
at dinner/table 在吃飯
at work 在工作
at war 交戰(zhàn)
at cards 在玩牌
at work 在辦公
at play 在玩耍
at rest 在休息
at school 在上學(xué)
at press 正在排印
at church 在做禮拜
beyond+名詞
beyond belief 難以置信
beyond control 無法控制beyond compare 無可比擬
beyond deion 難以形容
beyond expression 無法表達(dá)
beyond suspicion 無可懷疑
in+名詞
或in +名詞+of+名詞
in the army 在當(dāng)兵
in need of 需要
in action 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
in progress 在進(jìn)行
in operation 在運(yùn)行中
in use 開始使用
in sight 看得見
in store 貯藏著
in course of construction 正在興建當(dāng)中
in (good) repair 維修良好的in course of shipment 定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中
in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)
in the charge of 由……負(fù)責(zé) in possession of 擁有
in the possession of 被……擁有
on+名詞
on business 辦事/出差
on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假
on watch 值班
on duty 值勤/日
on guard 在值勤
on strike 在罷工
on sale 出售
on loan 借貸
on the move 在移動(dòng)，搬遷，離開
on the march 在行軍
on the air 在廣播
on fire 在燃燒
on trial 在試用
on show/display/exhibition 在展出
under+名詞
under control 在被控制之中
under discussion 在被討論中
under development 在被發(fā)展中
under observation 在被觀察中
under test 在被測試
under construction 在被建設(shè)中
under fire 在炮火中
under examination 在被檢查/調(diào)查中
under consideration 在被考慮中
under repair 在被修理中
under arrest 被被逮捕中
under attack 在被襲擊中
under medical treatment 在被治療中
under study 在被研究中
其他
against one’s opinion 反對某人的見解
for one’s opinion 同意某人的見解
above reproach 無可指責(zé)，無可非議
above suspicion 不受懷疑
above criticism 無可指責(zé)
at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……擺布
for sale 供出售
for rent 供出租
within sight 看得見
介詞的分類
分類
特點(diǎn)
例詞
簡單介詞
即一個(gè)介詞
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介詞
由兩個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成的合成詞
into, onto, throughout, upon, within
短語介詞
由短語構(gòu)成
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
雙重介詞
由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分詞介詞
由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來
considering(就……而論), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼類介詞
由形容詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化而來
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別
一般說來，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為"無論什么/無論誰"。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案是B，whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，并且作wants的賓語。這里的 whatever不能改成what，因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是"無論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的"，具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意，這里 whatever也不能改用no matter what，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語從句。比較下例：
I can't remember at the moment who has said the words. (這里的who表特定的某人)
Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個(gè)詞必須符合句子的邏輯要求。
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案是A，why引導(dǎo)的從句作表語，同時(shí)why在從句中作原因狀語。這里之所以選why，而不是when或 where等，的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義，及語境。
"介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句"與"介詞+ whom"引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別
介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案是A。這是一個(gè)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，作介詞of賓語的，是后面的整個(gè)句子，而不是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，所以要用主格who(作賓語時(shí)自然要用whom)。
虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句
1.wish后的賓語從句。
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致，用主語十過去時(shí)，例如：
I wi。hIwere you.
與過去愿望不一致，用主語+had+過去分詞，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States與將來愿望不一致，用主語+would (could)+原形。
2.It's time句型：當(dāng)lt's tine后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為主i吾+should+動(dòng)詞原形或主語十過去時(shí)，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL
3- If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish+賓語從句”。
(l)If only he could come.他要能來就好了。
(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。
4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引導(dǎo)的從句也需使用虛擬語氣，表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時(shí)，例如：
(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.
(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.
5.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：
(1)介詞或介詞短語。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。
(2)連詞。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語氣形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們誤解。
(3)通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。
without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。例如：
①Without you,1 would never know him
②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it
③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .
④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.
⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.
⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!
一、抓基礎(chǔ)
高中英語的基礎(chǔ)主要包括2方面：單詞和語法，復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，千萬不可舍本逐末，放棄詞匯和語法的學(xué)習(xí)，一開始就泡在題海中。如果沒有詞匯和語法做基礎(chǔ)，做再多題都白搭。
建議先掌握高中英語詞匯(包括音標(biāo)、近反義詞、單詞用法等)，同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)語法(包括語態(tài)、語句和語詞等);在此基礎(chǔ)上，先針對詞匯和語法的考察做專項(xiàng)練習(xí)。等到前2步完成之后，最后開始全方位的訓(xùn)練，在此過程中依然要狠抓每一個(gè)知識點(diǎn)。
二、劃重點(diǎn)
做好知識點(diǎn)的梳理，劃出重點(diǎn)，排好先后順序，然后依次學(xué)習(xí)。
1、關(guān)于單詞
按考綱詞匯劃出重點(diǎn)單詞，由主要到次要，分步記憶。讓大家自己去整理、劃分，顯然不切實(shí)際，至少時(shí)間上也不允許。所以建議大家用閃過英語《高考詞匯閃過》去記單詞，它把高考詞匯按重要程度已經(jīng)劃分好了(必考詞—?？荚~—基礎(chǔ)詞—超綱詞)，既節(jié)省了復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間，也方便快速記憶。不知道高中英語怎么快速提高的同學(xué)，大可一試。
2、關(guān)于語法
把課本及練習(xí)題中老師做過板書或者多次強(qiáng)調(diào)過的語法知識整理出來，邊做題邊記憶，邊記憶邊理解。
三、重錯(cuò)題
一定要注意錯(cuò)題的收集，不管是隨堂練習(xí)，還是考試試卷，但凡做錯(cuò)的題，都要及時(shí)整理出來，并一一改正。
建議:
錯(cuò)題歸類：用不同的字母(如A、B、C等)做標(biāo)記，將錯(cuò)題按種類歸到相應(yīng)的字母下面(不要寫答案和解析過程)。
錯(cuò)題更改：先用鉛筆做1遍，然后對答案，改正;之后擦掉答案，過1周左右，再做1遍，多次重復(fù)，直到錯(cuò)題被解決為止。許多同學(xué)不知道高中英語怎么快速提高，其實(shí)重視錯(cuò)題恰恰是解決這個(gè)問題的關(guān)鍵，大家要高度重視。
四、棄偏題
過難或者超綱的題型，要舍得放棄，對于英語基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)，如果時(shí)間充足，可以適量做做，但不要沉迷其中;基礎(chǔ)不好的同學(xué)，要以基礎(chǔ)為主，果斷放棄偏題。
建議：做題以真題為主，盡量少做或者不做模擬題。經(jīng)過自己深入思考，以及和同學(xué)討論之后，依然不懂的習(xí)題，直接跳過。
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