高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)
知識(shí)是人們前進(jìn)的最大動(dòng)力，因?yàn)橛兄R(shí)，我們知道我們從哪里來，也知道我們將要到哪里去。下面小編給大家分享一些高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)1
定語從句
概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
成分：先行詞，即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。
1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法
關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主語，也能做賓語
例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主語)
2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作賓語)
3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語)
4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作賓語)
2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法
關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語也能作主語
例：1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語)
2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語)
3. 關(guān)系代詞who，whom的用法
關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語
例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語)
2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語)、
4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法
關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。
例：1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語)
2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主語)
3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物，作賓語)
5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法
關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
例：1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?
6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語
例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.
2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.
2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.
高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)2
It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外，還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后。
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger)。
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動(dòng)詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find，feel,think,take,consider，judge, make)。
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語)，可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞。這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別。
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里，我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去，句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)3
陳述句的變化規(guī)則
直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。
人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化
(二) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(三)疑問句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，句末用句號(hào)。
一般疑問句：如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為 ask 或asked,原問句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特殊疑問句：如果間接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的引導(dǎo)詞，但疑問句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例?/p>
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
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