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高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)

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知識(shí)是人們前進(jìn)的最大動(dòng)力,因?yàn)橛兄R(shí),我們知道我們從哪里來,也知道我們將要到哪里去。下面小編給大家分享一些高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié),希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!

高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)1

定語從句

概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。

成分:先行詞,即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間,起著連接主從句的作用。

1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法

關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語,也能做賓語

例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主語)

2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作賓語)

3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人,作主語)

4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人,作賓語)

2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法

關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中只能指物,但既可以做賓語也能作主語

例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語)

2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語)

3. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法

關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人,在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語

例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語)

2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語)、

4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法

關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。

例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主語)

2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主語)

3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物,作賓語)

5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法

關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語

例:1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中的用法

關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語

例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.

2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中的用法

關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語

例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.

2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.

高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)2

It的用法

1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后。

例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

然而有少數(shù)表語之后接動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是:無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費(fèi)時(shí)(a waste of time)、又危險(xiǎn)(a danger)。

例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.

B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.

2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動(dòng)詞后面可接it作形式賓語:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。

例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

B、I think it no use arguing with him.

3、It用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當(dāng)作先行詞。這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is(was)+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。

例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)

C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)

但要注意與定語從句的區(qū)別。

例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)

在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式里,我們把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。

高中語法的知識(shí)總結(jié)3

陳述句的變化規(guī)則

直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo),從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思

例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”

→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.

例:

“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

→ The boy said that he was using a knife.

▲注意:如果直接引語是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,如:

He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化

(二) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則

如果直接引語是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:

The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

→ The hostess asked us to sit down.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.

(三)疑問句的變化規(guī)則

如果直接引語是疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序,句末用句號(hào)。

一般疑問句:如果直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí),要改為 ask 或asked,原問句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例:

“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.

→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.

2) 特殊疑問句:如果間接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的引導(dǎo)詞,但疑問句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例?/p>

“What do you want?” he asked me.

→ He asked me what I wanted

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