高三英語第一輪復習知識點
. 我們在我們的勞動過程中學習思考,勞動的結果,我們認識了世界的奧妙,于是我們就真正來改變生活了。游手好閑地學習,并不比學習游手好閑好。以下是小編給大家整理的高三英語第一輪復習知識點,希望能幫助到你!
高三英語第一輪復習知識點1
1. impression
n.印痕;印記;印象;感想
常用結構:
have an impression of sth./doing sth. 對(做)某事有印象
make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象
make no impression on 對……無影響/效果
give sb.a favorable impression 給某人留下好印象
an impression of one’s foot 某人的腳印
Your performance gave me a strong impression.
你的表演給我留下了很深的印象。
What I said made no impression on him.
我的話對他不起作用。
聯(lián)想拓展
impress v.留下印象
impress sth.on/upon one’s mind 把……牢記在心上
2. lack
v.&n. 缺乏;缺少的東西
注意:lack作名詞時,后常接of。lack作動詞時,既可作及物動詞,也可以作不及物動詞,作不及物動詞時,后常接for或in。lack不用于被動語態(tài)。
常用結構:
lack sth. 缺少某物
lack for sth. 缺少;需要
for/through lack of... 因缺乏……
no lack of... 不缺乏
a/the lack of ... ……的缺乏
He didn’t go there because he lacked courage.
他沒去那里,因為他缺乏勇氣。
The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。
They lacked for nothing.他們無所需求。
聯(lián)想拓展
lacking adj. 匱乏的;不足的;沒有的
be lacking in 缺乏(品質(zhì)、特點等)
She seems to be lacking in common sense.
她似乎缺乏常識。
3. sight
n. 視力;視覺;看見;光景,奇觀;名勝
常用結構:
lose sight of 看不見;忘記;失去
catch sight of sth./sb. 看見某物/人
at first sight 初看之下;乍看起來
at (the) sight of 一看見就……
out of sight 看不見
be in sight 看得見,在眼前
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見,心不煩。
Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.
去年夏天我們游覽了北京的名勝。
Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.
克魯索看到一行人的腳印,他非常害怕。
4. require
vt. 需要;要求;命令
常用結構:
require that+主語+(should)+動詞原形 需要某人做某事
require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
require sth.(of sb.) 要求(某人)某事
I will do everything that is required of me.
凡是要求我的事,我都會辦到。
The situation requires that I(should)be there.
形勢需要我去那里。
溫馨提示
require后接賓語從句時,賓語從句必須用should do的虛擬語氣,其中should可以省略。
另外,表示“需要”,且是物作主語時,后接動詞 ?ing形式的主動形式表示被動含義,可以等于不定式被動形式;在這一點上,need和want用法相同。
The house requires mending.
The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要維修。
All cars require servicing regularly.
所有汽車都需要定期檢修。
They required him to keep it a secret.
他們要求他對這事保密。
5. assist
vt.&vi. 幫助;援助;參與;出席
常用結構:
assist sb. in/with sth. 幫助(某人)某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助(某人)做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 幫助(某人)做某事
assist with 幫助(照料,做);在……上給予幫助
I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.
有機會我愿隨時幫你。
I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕幫不上忙,你得去找經(jīng)理。
The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.
有空時校長會幫忙做很多事。
高三英語第一輪復習知識點2
表強調(diào):
still,indeed,ofcourse,afterall,aboveall,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,inanycase,anyway,infact,especially,obviously,clearly
表比較
like,unlike,similarly,inthesameway,equally,similarto
表對比
bycontrast,onthecontrary,while.,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,differentfrom,however,otherwise,yet,theformer…thelatter,once…now,some…other,yearsago…today
表列舉
foronething…andforanother,like
表舉例
Forexample,forinstance,suchas,take…forexample,except[for]
表時間
Later,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,inthemeanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,now,afterawhile,when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,then,suddenly,inafewdays,inrecentyears,earlythismorning/year/century,allofsudden,themoment
表順序
First,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,finally,eventually,intheend,atlast,next,aboveall,firstandmostimportant,meanwhile
表解釋
Inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,thatistosay,namely,
表遞進
Whatismore,inaddition,and,alsobesides,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,aswell,again,additionally,whatisworse?
表讓步
Although,though,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,
表轉(zhuǎn)折
However,ratherthen,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,despite
表原因
Forthisreason,for,nowthat,thanksto,assince,owingto,because,becauseof,dueto,
表結果
So,so/such…that,therefore,thus,asaresult,accordingly
表總結
Onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,inshort,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,aboveall,afterall
其他
Mostly,occasionally,naturally,mainly,exactly,commonly,forthispurpose,formostofus,inmanycases,inthiscase.
高三英語第一輪復習知識點3
主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比較。
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào),無論強調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構。
(1) It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that … 事實是…
It is an honor that …非常榮幸
It is common knowledge that …是常識
(2) it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據(jù)報道…
It has been proved that… 已證實…
3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況。
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。
例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別。
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。
例如:
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。
1. 作動詞的賓語。
(1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略)
例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句
例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句
例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介詞的賓語。
例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容詞的賓語。
例如:
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. It 可以作為形式賓語。
It 不僅可以作為形式主語,還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。
例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞。
這類動詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。
例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞。
有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句“結構中,常見的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動詞為Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。
例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。)
表語從句
表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that??墒÷浴A硗?,常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。
例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能。
同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容,一般由that引導。
例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置。
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。
例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。
(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。
(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分) 。
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