高考沖刺英語考點(diǎn)總結(jié)
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高考沖刺英語考點(diǎn)總結(jié)一
基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞。
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：
1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;
11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;
20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;
≥ 100
100 a/one hundred;
1,000 a/one thousand;
1,000,000 a/one million;
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million
2. 基數(shù)詞的用法
1)作主語：
Three will be enough for us.
三個對我們來說就足夠了。
Two of the girls are from Tokyo.
這些姑娘中有兩位來自東京。
2)作賓語：
Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.
四個人申請這工作，但我們僅需一人。
3)作表語：
The population of China is over 1.3 billion.
中國有十三億多人口。
I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.
我二十歲，我弟弟十六歲。
4)作定語：
We have 300 workers in our company.
我們公司有三百名員工。
Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名學(xué)生參加了這次采訪。
5)作同位語：
You two clean these seats.
你們兩個打掃這些位子。
Have you got tickets for us three?
有我們?nèi)齻€人的票嗎?
序數(shù)詞
表示順序或等級。
1. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：
1-10： first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;
11-19： eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;
20-90： twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;
≥100：
100 hundredth;
1,000 thousandth;
1,000,000 millionth;
1,000,000,000 billionth
2、序數(shù)詞的用法
1)作主語：
The second is what I really need.
第二個是我真正需要的。
The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.
第一個瓶已滿，但第二個還空著。
2)作賓語：
I got a third in biology.
我生物得到了第三名。
Do you prefer the first or the second?
第一個和第二個你更喜歡哪一個呢?
3)作表語：
I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you
.我將是第一個支持你的人，也是最不會反對你的人。
Columbus was the first who discovered America.
哥倫布是第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人。
4)作定語：
I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.
我還要試一次，看看我能否做得了。
Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there.
在第一個轉(zhuǎn)彎處向右轉(zhuǎn)，然后在第二個轉(zhuǎn)彎處向左轉(zhuǎn)就到了。
5)作狀語：
He came second in the race.
他在賽跑中得了第二名。
It was a snowy day when we first met.
我們初次見面時是一個下雪的日子。
3、 序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用
1) 明確指明了先后順序或一系列事物按一定的規(guī)律排列時，序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。
This is the second time that I have been in London.
這是我第二次來倫敦。
Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.
阿爾瓦市懷特家的第五個孩子。
2) 表示“又一、再一”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時，序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞。
You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已經(jīng)買了四個玩具了，為什么還想再買一個呢?
I failed again, but I will try a third time.
我又失敗了，可是我要再試一次。
3) 序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格或其他修飾語時不用任何冠詞。
My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.
我五歲前是和祖父母一塊度過的。
Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.
布萊克夫人的第二個孩子是個天才。
4) 序數(shù)詞與名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞時，冠詞由被修飾詞而定。此時序數(shù)詞是復(fù)合形容詞的一部分而不是獨(dú)立的，前面的冠詞完全由這個形容詞所修飾的名詞而定。
This MPV car is a second-hand one.
這輛商務(wù)車是二手的。
Habit is second nature.
習(xí)慣是第二天性。
5) 序數(shù)詞還可作副詞，此時不用任何冠詞。
First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.
首先我缺錢，其次我沒有足夠的時間。
6) 序數(shù)詞用在表示“每隔……”的every 后，其前不用冠詞。
every second day 每隔一天
every fifth day 每隔四天
every second line 每隔一行
7) 某些固定搭配中序數(shù)詞前不用冠詞。
first of all 首先
at first 起初
at first sight 乍一看，第一
數(shù)詞的用法
1. 分?jǐn)?shù)：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子須用基數(shù)詞，分母須用序數(shù)詞。
(分子是1以上的任何數(shù)時，作分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。)
1) 真分?jǐn)?shù)通常用英語單詞表達(dá)。
one-fourth 四分之一
two-fifths 五分之二
a quarter 四分之一
2) 分子和分母的數(shù)目較大時，兩者都用基數(shù)詞，之間用over/by/out of/in 連接。
Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.
二十個學(xué)生中有七個通過了飛行測試。
3) 帶分?jǐn)?shù)：“整數(shù)+ and + 分?jǐn)?shù)部分”。
Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.
周末期間的降雨量達(dá)二又四分之一英寸。
2. 小數(shù)：小數(shù)總是用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表達(dá)。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后不論有多少位都不能用逗號分開，但小數(shù)點(diǎn)之前的數(shù)依然按照三位一個逗號的原則書寫。
0.786432 120,372.428
注意：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)按普通基數(shù)詞的讀法讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)每一位都要單獨(dú)讀。
15.503 讀作fifteen point five zero three
0.05 讀作zero point zero five
3. 百分?jǐn)?shù)：百分?jǐn)?shù)中的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，后接percent或百分號(%)，在專業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)或表格中常用%代替percent，在句首時則用英語單詞書寫。
I have invested 40 percent of my income.
我把40%的收入用作投資了。
Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.
農(nóng)民的收入已經(jīng)增加了30%。
4、 倍數(shù)：表示倍數(shù)時，一倍用once，兩倍 用twice/double，三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+ times”。
1)“倍數(shù) + as many/much … as …”
My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.
我同桌聲稱他的郵票是我的兩倍。
This computer costs three times as much as that one.
這臺計(jì)算機(jī)的價格是那臺的三倍。
2)“倍數(shù) + the size of …”
用法與size相同的名詞常見的有weight(重量)，height(高度)，depth(深度)，width(寬度)，age(年齡)，length(長度)等。
Our playground is five times the size of theirs.
我們的操場是他們的五倍大。
This street is twice/double the width of that one.
這條大街是那條大街的兩倍寬。
3)“倍數(shù) + what從句”
The value of the house is double what it was.
這所房子的價值是原來的兩倍。
People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人們的平均收入是十年前的五倍。
4)“倍數(shù) + 比較級 + than”
The room is twice larger than ours.
這間房子比我們的房子大兩倍。
This ball seats three times more people than that one.
這個大廳能坐的人數(shù)是那個大廳的四倍。
5)“比較級 + than … + by + 倍數(shù)/程度”
The line is longer than that one by twice.
這根線是那根線的兩倍長。
The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.
中國人口是美國人口的六倍多。
5、四則運(yùn)算：
1)加法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的加法常用and代表“+”，is 或 are 代表“=”。
在正式的場合或較大數(shù)目的加法用plus代表“+”，equals或is 代表“=”。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2) 減法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的減法用“Take away + 減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + and you get + 余數(shù)”
“減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + leaves/is + 余數(shù)”
在正式的場合或較大數(shù)目的減法用minus 代表“—”，equals 代表“=”。
12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
3) 乘法：在口語中，小數(shù)目的乘法的乘數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，用are 代表“=”。
大數(shù)目的乘法用times代表“×”，is/makes 代表“=”。
在正式的場合下用multiplied by 代表“×”，equals 代表“=”。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4) 除法：小數(shù)目的除法：用divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。
“被除數(shù) + divided by + 除數(shù) + equals + 商”;“除數(shù) + into + 被除數(shù) + goes + 商”
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
大數(shù)目的除法：用divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.
6、比率：一般來說表示比率都用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(包括句首的情況)，但在非專業(yè)性的文字中，也可用英語單詞的形式。
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
七比四寫作7:4或7/4。
You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.
你成功的機(jī)會只有一半。
7、編號：用基數(shù)詞時 名詞 + 基數(shù)詞 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…
用序數(shù)詞時 the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞 the First World War
8、年代與幾十幾歲：通常是逢十的基數(shù)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示年代的數(shù)詞前用定冠詞 in the 90s;表示歲數(shù)的數(shù)詞前用形容詞用物主代詞 in one’s twenties
9、約數(shù)：
1)表示“大約”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less，用or so 表示“左右、大約”置于數(shù)詞之后。
The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.
The man in rags is sixty years old or so.
那個衣衫襤褸的男子大約有六十歲/六十歲左右。
Peter is something like thirty.
皮特大約有三十歲。
2)“多于、超過”用more/than/over/above;“少于、不超過”用less than。
She was more than/less than forty when she got married.
她結(jié)婚時有四十多歲/不到四十歲。
3)其他
半天(小時)half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour
一個半 a day and a half=one and a half days
兩天半 two days and a half=two and a half days
一兩天……one or two days=a day or two
兩三天/周/個蘋果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…
三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time
三年五載 from three to five years; in a few years
三三兩兩 in twos and threes; in knots
高考沖刺英語考點(diǎn)總結(jié)二
虛擬條件句
條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。
l-條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If+主語十過去時，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+動詞原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard.
2.條件從句與過去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If+主語+had+過去分詞，主語+should(could, would，或might)+have+過去分詞，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
3.條件從句與將來事實(shí)不一致，句型為：lf+主語+should/were to+do，主語+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
注意：
1.If條件句中絕對不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2-根據(jù)句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都遵守上述句型。
3.在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were，had，should可省去if'
將這些詞提前置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝，例如：w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球，我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。
高考沖刺英語考點(diǎn)總結(jié)三
高中英語重點(diǎn)短語總結(jié)歸納
A
a big headache 令人頭痛的事情
a fraction of 一部分
a matter of concern 焦點(diǎn)
a series of 一系列，一連串
above all 首先，尤其是
absent from 不在，缺席
abundant in 富于
account for 解釋
accuse sb of sth 控告
add to/add up to 增加
after all 畢竟，究竟
agree with 同意
ahead of time/schedule 提前
ahead of 在
alien to 與
all at once 突然，同時
all but 幾乎;除了
all of a sudden 突然
all over again 再一次，重新
all over 遍及
all right 令人滿意的;可以
all the same 仍然，照樣的
all the time 一直，始終
angry with sb at/about sth 生氣，憤怒
anxious about/for 憂慮，擔(dān)心
anything but 根本不
apart from 除
appeal to 吸引，申訴，請求
applicable to 適用于
apply to 適用
appropriate for/to 適當(dāng)，合適
approximate to 近似，接近
apt at 聰明，善于
apt to 易于
around the clock 夜以繼日
as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上
as a result(of) 因此，由于
as a rule 通常，照例
as far as ... be concerned 就...而言
as far as 遠(yuǎn)至，到...程度
as follows 如下
as for 至于，關(guān)于
as good as 和
as if 好像，防腐
as regards 關(guān)于，至于
as to 至于，關(guān)于
as usual 像平常一樣，照例
as well as 除
as well 同樣，也，還
ashamed of 羞愧，害臊
aside from 除
ask for the moon異想天開
at a loss 茫然，不知所措
at a time 一次，每次
at all costs 不惜一切代價
at all events 不管怎樣，無論如何
at all times 隨時，總是
at all 絲毫(不)，一點(diǎn)也不
at any rate 無論如何，至少
at best 充其量，至多
at first sight 乍一看，初看起來
at first 最初，起先
at hand 在手邊，在附近
at heart 內(nèi)心里，本質(zhì)上
at home 在家，在國內(nèi)
at intervals 不時，每隔
at large 大多數(shù)，未被捕獲的
at last 終于
at least 至少
at length 最終，終于
at most 至多，不超過
at no time 從不，決不
at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度;同時
at present 目前，現(xiàn)在
at someone's disposal 任
at the cost of 以
at the mercy of 任憑
at the moment 此刻，目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有時，間或
aware of 意識到
B
back and forth 來回地，反復(fù)地
back of 在
back up 后備，支援
bare of 幾乎沒有，缺乏
be able to do 能夠
be around 差不多
be available to sb 可用，可供
be bound to 一定
be capable of doing 能夠
be concerned with 關(guān)心…，涉足…
be dying to 渴望
be fed up with/be tired of 受夠了
be in hospital 住院
be in season 上市的
be in the mood to do sth 想做
be pressed for time 時間不夠
be tied up with 忙于
be under the weather 身體不好
beat around the bush 拐彎沒角
beat the crowd 避開人群
before long 不久以后
behind schedule 誤點(diǎn)
bent on sth 下定決心做…
beside point 離題的，不相干的
beyond one's ability 超越某人的能力
beyond question 毫無疑問
book on reserve 須留的圖書
booked up 訂完了
bound for 開往
break down 拋錨
break though 突破
break up with/be through with/be finished with 和某人分手
bring about 使…發(fā)生
bring someone up to date/help someone catch up 幫某人趕上
by accident 偶然
by air 通過航空途徑
by all means 盡一切辦法，務(wù)必
by and by 不久，遲早
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by far 最，...得多
by hand 用手，用體力
by itself 自動地，獨(dú)自地
by means of 用，依靠
by mistake 錯誤地，無意地
by no means 決不，并沒有
by oneself 單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 順便說說
by virtue of 借助，由于
by way of 經(jīng)由，通過
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