寫(xiě)好高中英語(yǔ)作文的技巧和方法
考生向要寫(xiě)出一篇好的作文,最忌語(yǔ)言枯燥無(wú)味,好的習(xí)作文章語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該生動(dòng)形象。運(yùn)用好寫(xiě)作手法拿高分就不是問(wèn)題了。接下來(lái)是小編為大家整理的寫(xiě)好高中英語(yǔ)作文的技巧和方法,希望大家喜歡!
寫(xiě)好高中英語(yǔ)作文的技巧和方法一
一、 從詞匯入手,強(qiáng)化短語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作
有研究表明,詞匯學(xué)習(xí)可以促進(jìn)英語(yǔ)水平的提高(文秋方,1998)。培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力應(yīng)從詞和句入手,抓好基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練。英語(yǔ)是結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言,具有其自身的固定搭配、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和基本句型(陳立華,20_)。而《牛津高中英語(yǔ)》教材大量的詞匯和地道的生活語(yǔ)言、任務(wù)型編排體系以及文本體裁的多樣性,為“寫(xiě)”提供了基本素材。教師可根據(jù)不同話(huà)題的寫(xiě)作要求,采用不同形式的方法對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練。比如:關(guān)鍵詞和短語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練法,即教師根據(jù)本單元的寫(xiě)作話(huà)題,每天精心選擇2~3個(gè)詞組或句型,讓學(xué)生做翻譯和造句練習(xí);一周之后,讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用這些詞組和句型進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。通過(guò)這種訓(xùn)練方法,既可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力,又可以提高寫(xiě)作的效率,還可以幫助學(xué)生掌握一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和句子結(jié)構(gòu),從而提高學(xué)生遣詞造句的能力。
二、抓好基本句型的訓(xùn)練,促進(jìn)寫(xiě)作
書(shū)面表達(dá)題是由許多句子組成的,句子是寫(xiě)文章的基礎(chǔ)。要完成書(shū)面表達(dá)題,首先要從句子入手,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何用句子表意。從語(yǔ)言形態(tài)學(xué)的角度看,英語(yǔ)屬于分析型的語(yǔ)言,它有較為固定的基本句型、穩(wěn)定搭配、俗成短語(yǔ)等,要想在寫(xiě)作中用好它們,必須加強(qiáng)這方面的基本訓(xùn)練。
首先,要加強(qiáng)五種基本句型的教學(xué)訓(xùn)練。幾乎所有的英語(yǔ)句型都是這五種句型的擴(kuò)大、延伸或變化,因此訓(xùn)練學(xué)生“寫(xiě)”就要抓住五種基本句型,熟練掌握這五種基本句型。五種基本句型是:S+V,S+V+O,S+V+O+O,S+V+O+C,S+V+P。五種基本句型雖然能表達(dá)一定的意思,但無(wú)法比較自由地表達(dá)思想,因此還必須對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行擴(kuò)句訓(xùn)練,在課堂上充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的想象力。
其次,加強(qiáng)句型教學(xué),要對(duì)一些句子進(jìn)行分析,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生利用各種句子進(jìn)行一意多種表達(dá)的訓(xùn)練。
最后,充分利用教材,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行基本語(yǔ)感的訓(xùn)練。
三、從閱讀入手,培養(yǎng)寫(xiě)作表達(dá)技巧
閱讀與寫(xiě)作密不可分,閱讀是寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ),是搜集素材、學(xué)習(xí)詞匯句型和新穎表達(dá)方式的源泉。因此,教師應(yīng)想方設(shè)法把閱讀與寫(xiě)作結(jié)合起來(lái),利用教材訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作技能,在閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中融入多種形式的寫(xiě)作技能訓(xùn)練,將寫(xiě)作教學(xué)貫穿于閱讀教學(xué)中。筆者采用了如下方法:
1.利用教材,開(kāi)展改寫(xiě)
在完成閱讀教學(xué),學(xué)生基本掌握文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)學(xué)生改寫(xiě)文章。改寫(xiě)要求學(xué)生注意人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、直接引語(yǔ)、間接引語(yǔ)、遣詞造句和謀篇布局等方面的變化,充分理解課文內(nèi)容,認(rèn)真思考,寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)言得體、內(nèi)容完整的文章。例如:《牛津高中英語(yǔ)》模塊6 Unit 2What Is Happiness to You?的Reading部分是一篇以對(duì)話(huà)采訪(fǎng)形式出現(xiàn)的課文,在采訪(fǎng)過(guò)程中,嘉賓Dr.Brain以體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員桑蘭的經(jīng)歷為例,談到他對(duì)幸福的理解。在完成閱讀教學(xué)后,筆者要求學(xué)生用第三人稱(chēng)寫(xiě)一篇介紹桑蘭的作文,并鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生引用課文中描述桑蘭的經(jīng)典詞匯和例句。如:hard?鄄working, energet?鄄ic, stay optimistic/positive, in good spir?鄄its; She was happy to devote herself to gym?鄄nastics等。通過(guò)這些訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生既加深了對(duì)課文的理解,又運(yùn)用了所學(xué)重點(diǎn)詞匯,同時(shí)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作技能得到了實(shí)際的鍛煉。
2.模仿范文,鼓勵(lì)仿寫(xiě)
寫(xiě)的過(guò)程實(shí)際上是模擬讀者閱讀的過(guò)程;而閱讀也是模擬寫(xiě)作的行為(戴軍熔,20_)。教師可給學(xué)生一篇與書(shū)面表達(dá)體裁和題材相同的范文,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀完成類(lèi)似話(huà)題的.寫(xiě)作任務(wù)。例如:《牛津高中英語(yǔ)》模塊1 Unit 3 Looking Good,F(xiàn)eeling Good的寫(xiě)作話(huà)題是保持健康。筆者從英文報(bào)刊上選擇一篇有關(guān)如何科學(xué)合理地減肥、健身的報(bào)道,先讓學(xué)生在課堂上進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀,然后提問(wèn)學(xué)生:Which do you think is more important,looking good or feeling good? How would you keep fit?Why?等。學(xué)生通過(guò)模仿閱讀材料的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。通過(guò)閱讀帶動(dòng)寫(xiě)作,由知識(shí)的輸入到知識(shí)的輸出,提高了學(xué)生表達(dá)的條理性和連貫性,為學(xué)生提供了寫(xiě)作策略和技能。
四、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的習(xí)慣
“臨淵羨魚(yú),不如退而結(jié)網(wǎng)?!比绻麅H僅掌握了寫(xiě)作技巧,熟背了大量文章,不親自動(dòng)手實(shí)踐還是不行的,沒(méi)有一成不變的文章讓你照搬。《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》指出:基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語(yǔ)課程的總體目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。因此,我們要遵循“一切為了運(yùn)用”的原則,提倡和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生親自實(shí)踐,動(dòng)手寫(xiě)作,用英語(yǔ)給親人、朋友、老師寫(xiě)信,用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)日記,或用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)便條,寫(xiě)留言短信,還可以用英語(yǔ)與老師談心或反映情況,或給老師寫(xiě)每周情況報(bào)告或總結(jié)。只有將所學(xué)內(nèi)容適時(shí)地運(yùn)用于實(shí)際生活,才能內(nèi)化成自己的能力。
五、重視寫(xiě)作的規(guī)范化訓(xùn)練
起始階段的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣非常重要。首先,書(shū)寫(xiě)和文體格式要規(guī)范。嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生正確、端正、熟練地書(shū)寫(xiě)字母、單詞和句子,注意大小寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),養(yǎng)成良好的書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣。同時(shí)對(duì)各種文體特點(diǎn)、格式要清楚,使學(xué)生熟悉規(guī)范的書(shū)面表達(dá)形式,用正確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)析和規(guī)范自己的書(shū)面表達(dá)。其次,寫(xiě)作過(guò)程要規(guī)范。一般來(lái)說(shuō),短文寫(xiě)作都要有以下步驟:審清題目要求;確定寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn);選好動(dòng)詞,搭好句子骨架;有效連接,使短文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊;認(rèn)真檢查,保證卷面整潔。對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作模式的訓(xùn)練,這樣看起來(lái)比較麻煩,但避免了反復(fù),養(yǎng)成了好的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣。
總之,隨著新課改的實(shí)施和近幾年高考(微博)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完善,對(duì)學(xué)生的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力提出了新的要求。作為高中英語(yǔ)教師,在教學(xué)中要根據(jù)不同時(shí)期學(xué)生的具體情況采取相應(yīng)的教學(xué)方法,靈活多樣地開(kāi)展英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué),有效調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性,定能使學(xué)生厚積薄發(fā),寫(xiě)出行文通順、流暢、有文采的佳篇妙作來(lái)。
寫(xiě)好高中英語(yǔ)作文的技巧和方法二
1.Simile 明喻
明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對(duì)比.這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性.
標(biāo)志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隱喻,暗喻
隱喻是簡(jiǎn)縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱(chēng)用于另一事物,通過(guò)比較形成.
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy 借喻,轉(zhuǎn)喻
借喻不直接說(shuō)出所要說(shuō)的事物,而使用另一個(gè)與之相關(guān)的事物名稱(chēng).
I.以容器代替內(nèi)容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水開(kāi)了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著.
II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱(chēng),例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我說(shuō).
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集
VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢(qián).
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整體)
他的廠(chǎng)里約有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世紀(jì)的牛頓.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整體代部分)
這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia 通感,聯(lián)覺(jué),移覺(jué)
這種修辭法是以視.聽(tīng).觸.嗅.味等感覺(jué)直接描寫(xiě)事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺(jué)溝通起來(lái),借聯(lián)想引起感覺(jué)轉(zhuǎn)移,“以感覺(jué)寫(xiě)感覺(jué)”。
通感技巧的運(yùn)用,能突破語(yǔ)言的局限,豐富表情達(dá)意的審美情趣,起到增強(qiáng)文采的藝術(shù)效果。比如:欣賞建筑的重復(fù)與變化的樣式會(huì)聯(lián)想到音樂(lè)的重復(fù)與變化的節(jié)奏;聞到酸的'東西會(huì)聯(lián)想到尖銳的物體;聽(tīng)到飄渺輕柔的音樂(lè)會(huì)聯(lián)想到薄薄的半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微風(fēng)過(guò)處送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用視覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué),鳥(niǎo)落在樹(shù)上,由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到百合花)
鳥(niǎo)兒落在樹(shù)上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué))
品嘗Mozart的音樂(lè).
6.Personification 擬人
擬人是把生命賦予無(wú)生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜擬人化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鳥(niǎo)擬人化)
7.Hyperbole 夸張
夸張是以言過(guò)其實(shí)的說(shuō)法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),增加表達(dá)效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
這種修辭法是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語(yǔ)氣一致的短語(yǔ).句子排列成串,形成一個(gè)整體.
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法
婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話(huà).
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10.Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借過(guò)去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上,傳達(dá)暗示,影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。
英文解釋?zhuān)篴n expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程》一書(shū)
這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.
例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表層含義:趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草
真正意味:趁熱打鐵
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表層含義:是時(shí)候把犁變成劍
寫(xiě)好高中英語(yǔ)作文的技巧和方法三
一、引出開(kāi)頭
1.It is well-known to us that……(我們都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…)
2.Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……問(wèn)題引起了關(guān)注)
3.Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(現(xiàn)今,人口過(guò)剩已成為我們不得不面對(duì)的問(wèn)題)
4.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題)
5.With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(隨著科技的迅速發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為……)
6.It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人們一般認(rèn)為……)
7.A lot of people seem to think that……(很多人似乎認(rèn)為……)
8.It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道...)
二、表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn)
1.People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……(人們對(duì)……的觀點(diǎn)因人而異,有些人認(rèn)為……然而其他人卻認(rèn)為……)
2.People may have different opinions on……(人們對(duì)……可能會(huì)持有不同見(jiàn)解)
3.Attitudes towards (drugs)vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)(人們對(duì)待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異)
4.There are different opinions among people as to……(對(duì)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同)
三、表示結(jié)尾
1.In short, it can be said that……(總之,他的意思是……)
2.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……(從上面提到的,我們可以得出結(jié)論……)
3.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……(把所有的這些因素加以考慮,我們自然可以得出結(jié)論……)
4.Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……(因此,我們最好的出這樣的結(jié)論……)
5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn))
6.All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.(總之,我們沒(méi)有……無(wú)法生活,但同時(shí)我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來(lái)面對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的新問(wèn)題)
四、提出建議
1.It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).(該是我們停止這一趨勢(shì)的時(shí)候了)
2.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),對(duì)……問(wèn)題應(yīng)予以足夠重視)
3.Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……(顯然,如果我們想要做么事,很重要的是……)
4.Only in this way can we ……(只有這樣,我們才能……)
5.Spare no effort to + V(不遺余力的 )
五、預(yù)示后果
1.Obviously,if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.(很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問(wèn)題,很有可能我們會(huì)陷入危險(xiǎn))
2.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),除非我們采取有效措施,否則我們很可能會(huì)……)
3.It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation(很緊迫的是應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展)
六、表示論證
1.From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看來(lái),支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比第二種更有道理)
2.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……(我無(wú)法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn))
3.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……(就我來(lái)說(shuō)……)
4.I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.(我真誠(chéng)地相信……)
5.Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……(最后,坦率地說(shuō),還有另外一個(gè)實(shí)際的 )
七、給出原因
1.The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的`原因是...)
2.This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third,……。這一現(xiàn)象存在有很多原因的,第一……第二……第三……
3.For one thing,…… For another thing,…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
4.I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as
follows.我十分贊同這一論述,即……。其主要原因如下。
八、列出解決辦法和批判錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)做法
1.The best way to solve the troubles is……解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是……
2.As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言,……
3.It is obvious that……很顯然……
4.It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是對(duì)的,但這并不意味著……
5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……認(rèn)為……是自然的,但我們不應(yīng)忽視……
6.There is no evidence to suggest that……沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明……
九、表示好處和壞處
1.It has the following advantages.它有如下優(yōu)勢(shì)
2.It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它對(duì)我們有益處
3.It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之處
十、表示重要、方便、可能
1.It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.對(duì)于某人做……是……
2.It plays an important role in our life.
十一、采取措施
1.We should take some effective measures.我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施
2.We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力去克服困難
3.We should do our utmost in doing sth.我們應(yīng)該盡力去做……
4.We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我們應(yīng)該解決我們面臨的困難
十二、顯示變化
1.Some changes have taken place in the past five years.過(guò)去五年發(fā)生了很多變化
2.Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在國(guó)際交流中理所當(dāng)然會(huì)發(fā)生很多大的變化
3.It has increased/decreased from…to…他已經(jīng)從…增加/減少到…
4.The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.這個(gè)工廠(chǎng)7月份產(chǎn)量以增加了15%
十三、表明事實(shí)現(xiàn)狀
1.We cannot ignore the fact that……我們不能忽略這個(gè)事實(shí)……
2.No one can deny the fact that……沒(méi)人能否認(rèn)這個(gè)事實(shí)……
3.This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
4.be closely related to ~~ (與...息息相關(guān))
十四、進(jìn)行比較
1.Compared with A,與A比較
2.I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
十五、預(yù)示后果
Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.
很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問(wèn)題,很有可能我們會(huì)陷入危險(xiǎn).
No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),除非我們采取有效措施,很可能會(huì)……
It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展.
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