有關(guān)高三英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
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有關(guān)高三英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)一
科目 英語
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 uint17.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Unit 17 Nature (自然界與動(dòng)物保護(hù))
章節(jié) 第十七單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學(xué)們將通過本單元的閱讀課文“Milu Deer Return To China”, 深刻認(rèn)識(shí)并了解保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的重要意義。
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
?、?詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會(huì)單詞和詞組：at present , nature , common , recently , alive , year by year , greatly , one day , sick
三會(huì)單詞和詞組：increase , similar , equipment , disappear , period , research , protect , paint , deer , performance , put on performance , one after another
Ⅱ. 交際英語
目的、意圖、同意和祝愿
1. Why are you making this journey ?
2. We are trying to collect the memory for a wildlife project .
3. We want to do … so that …
4. What is the purpose of your new project ?
5. We want to do … very much .
6. That sounds a great idea .
7. Good luck with your trip !
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
在本單元，同學(xué)們要理解并初步掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“由be的現(xiàn)在式 (am , is , are ) + being + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示“某人或者某事此時(shí)正在被……”。如：A teaching building is being built in our school .
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. deer鹿
I saw four deer in the forest .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗deer的單復(fù)數(shù)一樣。單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣的名詞還有：sheep , aircraft , police , cattle等。
2. increase增加;繁殖
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world .
The number of tourists has increased . = Tourists have increased in number .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗增加了百分之幾常用介詞by連接。The population of this town increased by five percent last year .
另外，on the increase是“不斷增加，正在增加中”。如：Traffic accidents in cities are on the increase this month .
3.similar類似的
The two of them are similar in character .
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗be similar to與……相似。又如：Gold is similar in colour to brass (銅) 。
4. recently近來
The recently completed , 35-story , four-star hotel is the tallest building in the city .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗recently在句中時(shí)，句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Have you been very busy recently ?
5. alive活著的;存在的
Who’s the greatest man alive ?
〖點(diǎn)撥〗alive ; living ; live ; lively ; life ; lives 這些詞都有“活著”之意，它們的用法各不相同。
1)alive 意為“活著”，側(cè)重說明生與死之間的界限，既可指人，也可指物;可用來作表語，后置定語或賓補(bǔ)。雖有死的可能，但還活著。例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然還活著。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活著的人中沒有人比他更偉大了。(注：此時(shí) alive 含有“在所有活著的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想讓魚活著。
2)living意為“活著”強(qiáng)調(diào)說明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來指人或物，作定語或表語。例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的啟蒙老師仍健在。
English is a living language . 英語的活的語言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)代活著的的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上 the , 表示類別，指“活著的人們”。例如：The living must finish the work of those dead . 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。
living 還可用于短語，例如：make a living 謀生。
3)live “活著的”，通常指物，不指人，常用來作定語放名詞的前面。還指“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。例如：
a live wire 有電的電線，a live fish 一條活魚。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜歡直播還是錄音 。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他說他看見過活鯨魚。
make a / one\'s living by + ing 通過干……謀生
4)lively 則意為“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是個(gè)活潑的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 這兒一切都生機(jī)勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。
5)life 是名詞作生命可數(shù)，作生活不可數(shù)。其復(fù)數(shù)是 lives 。類似把 -fe 變?yōu)?-ves 的還有：wife , shelf , leaf , half , loaf , thief , knife , wolf , self .
I prefer country life to city life .
These children are full of life . 這些孩子充滿火力。
Many people lost their lives in the accident .
all one\'s life 一生 ，true to life 栩栩如生，in one\'s life 在……的一生中，come back to life 蘇醒過來，live / lead a happy life 過著幸福的生活。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. make a trip to到……旅行
They are leaving tomorrow to make a trip to Hangzhou .
注意：“去……旅行”還可以用take a trip , have a trip , go on a trip , make a journey 。
2. collect money for= raise money for 為……籌集資金;為……募捐
These Young Pioneers are trying to collect money for a wildlife protect .
3. put on performances演出
You have put on a fine performance .
The performance put on by the senior class was a dance .
4. at present= for the time being 目前;現(xiàn)在;如今
How many research center are there at present for milu deer in China ?
5. do with處理;對(duì)待
What do people plan to do with the milu deer in future ?
注意：do with常與what連接使用，deal with常與how連接使用。
6. too many of太多的
Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared .
注意：so many和too many的順序。too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Too much of such rain will ruin the crop .
7. year by year年復(fù)一年
They liked the cool wet weather there and their number increased year by year .
We should do everything possible to enable the peasants to raise their personal incomes year by year .
注意由“名詞 + by + 名詞”的短語還有：step by step逐步地，two by two兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地，little by little逐步地。
8. south of = to the south of在……以南
The zoo is three miles south of the city . 動(dòng)物園在城南三英里處。
Hunan Province lies to the north of Guangdong .
9. one day總有一天;有一天
該詞組可以指過去，也可以指將來。但some day指將來。
One day last summer I made a trip to the country .
You will come to see the importance of English one day (= some day) .
10. in the wild在荒野;在曠野
These animals had to live in the wilds of northwest China .
11. once more = once again再次;重新
The facts showed once more that he was not interested in music .
12. one after another = one after the other = one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè);相繼
The students left the theatre one after another after the play . 13. in the past year在過去的一年中
A lot of work has been done in the past year .
注意：類似的還有，in the past few years在過去的幾年中，in the last few months在過去的幾個(gè)月中。出現(xiàn)這樣的短語時(shí)，句子常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。而in the past (在過去) 卻需要使用過去時(shí)。
14. be similar to和……差不多，和……相近
If one thing is very similar to another thing , they look almost the same .
Cameras are similar to the human eye .
15. make a study of對(duì)……加以研究
She gave us some advice on how to make a study of teaching methods .
16. set free釋放
The girl set the pretty birds free .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1. at present ; at the present time ; for the present
〖明晰〗這三個(gè)短語近義，都可表示“目前;現(xiàn)在”。第一個(gè)中的 present 是名詞，其前不用定冠詞;第二個(gè)中的 present 是形容詞 ( 意為“現(xiàn)在的 ) ;第三個(gè)中的 present 是名詞，其前要用定冠詞。at present 與 at the present time 通?？苫Q，而 for the present 側(cè)重指“暫時(shí)”。如：At present there are not many milu deer in nature parks in China .
We use this tense to show that something is being done at the present time .
For the present we do not need that book , so please go on reading it yourself .
2 . one day ; some day ; the other day
〖明晰〗這三個(gè)短語都可表示“某一天”，但用法不同。
( 1 ) one day 可指過去或?qū)淼哪骋惶?，some day 只能指將來的某一天，the other day 指過去 ( 不久前 ) 的某一天。如：
At all these centres it is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free and let them live in the wild again .
You\'ll be an engineer some day .
I met him the other day at the bus station .
( 2 ) 這三個(gè)短語通常作狀語用，但 one day 間或能作主語用。如：
One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth .
( 3 ) one day 不能連寫成一個(gè)詞。而 some day 有時(shí)可連寫成 someday。如：
Someday we may drive cars that are run by electricity .
3 . greatly ; very ; much
〖明晰〗這組副詞都可作“非常”解，主要區(qū)別是：
( 1 ) greatly 修飾動(dòng)詞或過去分詞。如：
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased .
( 2 ) very 修飾形容詞和副詞原級(jí)，不能修飾動(dòng)詞和 a - 形容詞。如：
I think he\'s very old .
( 3 ) much 修飾動(dòng)詞、過去分詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)或級(jí)。如：
We like it very much .
Now it is much easier to make plans for our trips .
當(dāng)修飾過去分詞時(shí)，much 有時(shí)可與 greatly 互換，但 greatly 的語氣比較強(qiáng)。如：
He was greatly moved .
4. would like的用法
〖明晰〗would like 用以表示說話人委婉的愿望或請(qǐng)求。意為“希望，想要”等。其中 would
( 適用于各種人稱 ) 可以換成 should ( 只限第一人稱 ) 。在口語中，常用其縮略式“ \'d like”。其否定式為“主語 + shouldn\'t/wouldn\'t like + 其它”;其疑問式為“Would + 主語 + like + 其它 ? ”。would like 主要有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) would like +名詞或代詞。
— Would you like some coffee ? 你要些咖啡嗎 ?
— Yes , please . 是的。
— Would you like another cup of tea ? 你還要一杯茶嗎 ?
— No , thanks . 不要了，謝謝。
2) would like + 不定式。
— Would you like to have some rice ? 你要米飯嗎 ?
— Yes , I\'d like to . 是的，我要。
— Would you like to have some more beer ? 你還要些啤酒嗎 ? — No . thanks . I\'ve had enough . 不要了，謝謝。我喝夠了。
— Wound you like to go with me ? 你愿意和我一起去嗎 ?
3) would like + 主語 + 不定式 ( 作賓補(bǔ) ) 。
— Would you like something to drink now ? 你現(xiàn)在想喝些什么嗎 ?
— I\'d like a glass of beer . 我要一杯啤酒。
4) would like +不定式的完成式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)含有責(zé)備或惋惜的意味。表示過去本該做某事但未能去做。
We\'d like to have helped her . 我們本該幫助她。
You\'d like to have gone there yesterday . 你昨天本該去那里。
5. Where are you travelling to , Gary ? 加里，你們打算到哪里旅行 ?
〖明晰〗該句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，指按計(jì)劃、安排在不久就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在口語中。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有 come , go , leave , arrive , get , start , travel , work , stay , try , fly , return 等。例如：How are you getting there ? 你們打算怎樣到那里。
6 . Good luck with your trip ! 祝你們旅途好運(yùn) !
〖明晰〗Good luck . 是分手道別時(shí)的常用祝愿語，意為“祝幸運(yùn)/平安/順利”，其后常跟介詞 to ( sb . ) 或 with ( sth . ) 。又如：
Good luck with your new job !
Good luck to you !
7 . Until recently , the only milu deer alive in the world belonged to …直到不久以前，世界上僅有的活著的麋鹿屬于……
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) until recently 意為“直到不久以前;直到最近”，until 在此相當(dāng)于 till , 其意思是“直到……為止”，可作介詞或連詞，until 在此為介詞。作介詞時(shí)，其后常跟表示時(shí)間的名詞，也可跟副詞。作連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：
I taught in No . 58 Middle School of Zhengzhou until 1993 .
Father usually doesn\'t go to bed until very late . 爸爸通常很晚才睡覺。
( 2 ) alive 意為“活著的;在世的”，相當(dāng)于 living 或 live ( adj . 活著的 ) ，它屬于
表語形容詞，即只在句中作表語，不作定語。但 alive 偶爾可以作定語，要放在它修飾的名詞之后。例如：
Who is the greatest man alive in the world now ?
living 和 live 作定語時(shí)，需前置。例如：living thing 生物，live chicks 活雞
8 . In fact , there are so many deer that some are being sent to nature reserves by environmentalists who would like to return them to the wild . 其實(shí)，現(xiàn)在這種麋鹿已經(jīng)相當(dāng)多了，有一些正在被送往那些愿意把麋鹿送回野外去的地方。
〖明晰〗 ( 1 ) 該句是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，主句為…there are so many deer , that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
在這個(gè) so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞 deer，本應(yīng)該用 such…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，但因名詞前有 many 修飾而用了 so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，此特殊用法需注意。
( 2 ) are being sent 是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，表示“正在被送往”其中的 being 容易被誤省。又如本課中的其它兩句：
The life of the milu deer is being studied there .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature park in Shishou in Hubei Province .
【妙文賞析】
Two Mistakes
For a long time Dr Smith had wanted to get a better job in a certain big modern hospital . He was appointed to a particular position which he wanted , and his wife moved to the house which they were now to live in . The next day some beautiful flowers were sent to them , with a note which said , “ Deepest sympathy (沉痛悼念). ” Naturally , Dr Smith was angrily to receive such an unusual mote , and telephoned the shop which had sent the flowers to find what the note meant . When the owner of the shop heard what had happened , he apologize to Dr Smith for having made the mistake .
“ But what really worried me much more , ” he added , “ is that flowers which ought to have gone to you were sent to a person who had just died , with a card which said , ‘Congratulations on your new position . ’ ”
很久以來，史密斯醫(yī)生一直想在某一家大型的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院找一份比較錫樣的工作，這一天終于盼來了。他被任命為他想干的特殊位置，而他的妻子也搬進(jìn)了他們現(xiàn)在住的房子。第二天送來一些鮮花，里面夾著一張條子，上面寫著： “ 沉痛悼念 ” 。
接到這樣一張奇特的字條，史密斯醫(yī)生自然很生氣，于是便給鮮花店打電話詢問怎么回事。
當(dāng)?shù)昀习迓犝f發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，他忙向史密斯醫(yī)生道歉，說是送錯(cuò)了。
“ 但真的使我更擔(dān)心的是， ” 他補(bǔ)充道， “ 本應(yīng)該送到你那里的鮮花卻送給了一個(gè)剛死的人，鮮花里面夾著一張卡片，上面寫著：‘祝賀你搬遷新居。’ ”
【思維體操】
British public libraries were linked by computers . If 1.
your nearest library in London doesn\'t have the book you want 2.
to borrow it , a librarian will go on-line to see whether any of 3.
the other nearby libraries have . If no library has the book in 4.
store , the librarian will search for further , connecting 5.
library in other cities like Manchester . If a copy of the book 6.
has found , arrangements will be made for it to be sent to your 7.
library , and within a day and two , you\'ll be able to check it 8.
out . It\'s also possible for readers to lend books from 9.
university or college libraries even if we are not students . 10.
答案：1. were → are 2. 對(duì) 3. 去it 4. has 后加it 5. 去for 6. library → libraries 7. has 后加been 8. 第二個(gè)and → or 9. lend → borrow 10. we → you
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
〖思維〗1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。
I am/ He / She is/ You / We / They are + being done .
More milu deer are being moved to a new large nature . 更多的糜鹿正被往一所新建的大天然公園遷移。
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。
A . 表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作即某件事情現(xiàn)在正在被做。例如：
The water is being turned into vapour . 水正在變成蒸汽。
The question is being discussed at the meeting now . 現(xiàn)在會(huì)上正在討論這個(gè)問題。
B . 表示在現(xiàn)階段進(jìn)行被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，但不一定發(fā)生在說話的這一時(shí)刻。例如：
The bridge is being repaired .那座橋正在修復(fù)之中。(可指“正在講話的同時(shí)”，也可指“目前”。)
She\'s being taught English . 有人在教她英語。(在說話時(shí)，也許根本沒人教她。)
[注]現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)可與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如：
I know Mark was going to have an interview sometime this afternoon . He may be being interviewed at this very moment . 我知道馬克今天下午什么時(shí)候有面試。他此刻也許正在接受面試哩。
練習(xí)：
A . 把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
1 . Mr Smith is driving a car .
2 . The teacher is scolding (批評(píng)) me .
3 . They are painting the houses .
B . 單項(xiàng)選擇。
4 . — Have you moved into the new house ?
— Not yet . The rooms ____ .
A . are being painted B . are painting C . are painted D . are being painting 5 . I ____ English for five years now .
A . was studying B . have been studying C . studied D . am studying
6 . The blood ____ now .
A . is tested B . is being testing C . is being tested D . has been testing
7 . The new lake ____ in the park , so many workers are working there .
A . is made B . has been being made C . is being making D . is being made
8 . In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving B . is served C . serves D . served
答案：1. A car is being driven by Mr Smith . 2. I am bing scolded by the teacher . 3. The houses are being painted . 4 — 8 ABCDB
二、enough 與高考
?、?. enough 作副詞用時(shí)，可修飾形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞。修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，enough 應(yīng)后置。
Helicopters were sent to rescue them , but it was impossible for them to get close enough .
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped .
You don\'t practise enough at the piano .
I with you\'d write clearly enough for us to read it .
Ⅱ . enough 作形容詞用時(shí)，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，習(xí)慣置于名詞之前。
Have you made enough copies ?
I\'ll get enough money to pay for a taxi .
當(dāng) enough 和形容詞一起位于名詞之前時(shí)，要注意辨別 enough 的詞性以及對(duì)語義的影響。比較：
1 . a) I haven\'t found enough big nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠的大釘子來修碗柜。
b) I haven\'t found big enough nails to mend the cupboard . 我還沒找到足夠大的釘子來修碗柜。
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞，修飾 nails，強(qiáng)調(diào)釘子的數(shù)量。b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 big，強(qiáng)調(diào)釘子的大小。
2 . a) Is there enough hot water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠的熱水讓我洗個(gè)澡嗎 ?
b) Is there hot enough water for me to have a bath ? 有足夠熱的水讓我洗個(gè)澡嗎 ?
a) 句中的 enough 是形容詞。修飾 water , 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量;b)句中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 hot , 強(qiáng)調(diào)水的溫度。
下面請(qǐng)看 NMET1998 — 11題。
If I had _______ , I\'d visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places .
A . a long enough holiday B . an enough long holiday
C . a holiday enough long D . a long holiday enough
選項(xiàng)A中的 enough 是副詞，修飾 long，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，符合句意，故是句意，故是答案。B中的 enough 是形容詞，不能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故不選。選項(xiàng)C、D的語序不對(duì)，也不可選。
有關(guān)高三英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
科目 英語
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit18.doc
標(biāo)題 Unit 18 The necklace
章節(jié) 第十八單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
單元重點(diǎn)
?、?語言要點(diǎn)
accept, invitation, after all, continue, call on, day and night, pay back, at the most,
worth, not…any more
?、?日常交際用語
1. Where have you been all these days?
2. What happened?
3. We did have a good time.
4. Excuse me. I’ve lost a case I wonder if it’s been found.
5. Can you describe the case?
6. Where did you last have it?
7. We asked everyone there if they had found …, but without luck.
8. We couldn’t find it; it was lost.
Ⅲ.語法
疑問句的直接引語和間接引語
e.g.1. He asked if she was Pleased.
2. She asked him how many People were going to the ball.
背景知識(shí)介紹
1.作者
Guy de Maupassant(莫泊桑1850—1893)was a well—known French novelist and short –story writer.在少年時(shí)他就對(duì)文學(xué)表現(xiàn)出了濃厚的興趣，很小的時(shí)候開始寫作，在30多歲成為著明的小說家，他的大部分作品講的是人們的日常生活。1871年開始，他在政府部門就職，這期間他熟悉了政府職員的生活。這段經(jīng)歷幫助他創(chuàng)造出了他的短篇小說“項(xiàng)鏈”。他的作品簡(jiǎn)潔明了，諷刺運(yùn)用得恰到好處。莫泊桑晚年承受疾病圍繞，1893年病逝于巴黎。
2.有關(guān)這部戲的介紹
“項(xiàng)鏈”這篇課文是一個(gè)獨(dú)幕劇，它包括三個(gè)人物：Mathilde Loisel, a yang woman;
Pierre Loisel, Mathilde’s husband, a government worker; Jeanne, Mathilde’s good friend.
課文難點(diǎn)分析
1. Scene1 A park in Paris ……walks towards her.
這部分用斜體表示，或象下文一樣置于括號(hào)中，叫做舞臺(tái)指導(dǎo)說明(stage directions )一般使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。戲劇一般首先介紹故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間(time)、地點(diǎn)(place)和劇中人物(characters)。在這一段中有了具體介紹。
2. …but I don’t think I know you. 我好象并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。
I don’t think I should do that. 我認(rèn)為我不該做那件事。
I don’t believe she will come. 我上信她不會(huì)來。
“think, believe” 這兩個(gè)詞的否定式在主句中表示，而賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞用肯定式。
3. In fact you do. 事實(shí)上你認(rèn)識(shí)我。
=In fact, you know me. 為了避免和前面重復(fù)，所以用助動(dòng)詞代替。
e.g.①We all love singing, but he doesn’t. 我們都喜歡唱歌，但他不喜歡。
?、贑lass 2 went to a picnic, but Class 1 didn’t. 2班去野餐了，但1班沒去。
4. recognize vt. 認(rèn)識(shí)，辨認(rèn)
e.g.①She was so changed that I hardly recognized her. 她變得我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出來了。
?、贖arry recognized me in the crowd. 亨利在人群中認(rèn)出了我。
5. Where have you been all these years? 這些年你上哪兒去了?
e.g. The teacher asked Jane, “You didn’t come to school, last week, where have you been?”
老師問Jane，“你上星期沒來學(xué)校，去哪兒了?”
6. That’s because of hard work. 那是因?yàn)閯诶邸?/p>
e.g.①He couldn’t go further. That’s because of his wounded leg.
他不能再往前走了，因?yàn)樗耐仁芰藗?/p>
?、贖e cried because of the pain in his arm = He cried because he had a pain in his arm.
他因?yàn)楦觳蔡鄱蘖恕?/p>
because of后面跟名詞在句中作狀語與because加句子引導(dǎo)的狀語從句意義相同。
7. Have times been hard for you? 這些年境況不太好吧!
times這個(gè)詞我們以前見過：(morden times )表示目前或某種特殊時(shí)期的生活情況或環(huán)
境，可譯作“日子”、“境況”、“時(shí)代”。
e.g.①He didn’t complain of hard times, but kept on working hard. 他沒有抱怨時(shí)勢(shì)艱難，相反的是一直努力工作。
?、赟tudents thought times are terrible in July. 學(xué)生們認(rèn)為7月是一段難熬的日子。
8. But what happened? 發(fā)生什么事了?
happen take place. 沒有被動(dòng)式。
e.g.①I remembered the whole things as if it happened yesterday.
我記得整個(gè)事情，就好象是昨天發(fā)生的。
?、讴ぉhy didn’t the boss come yesterday? 為什么老板昨天沒來?
──An accident happened to him. 他出事了。
9. Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a
necklace of yours. 10年前的一個(gè)下午，我到你家借過一條項(xiàng)鏈，你還記得嗎?
Ten year ago和由when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句一起修飾afternoon.
e.g.①Cart still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students the Chemistry lab.卡爾仍然記得一年級(jí)時(shí)教授帶學(xué)生到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去的那個(gè)下午的情景。
?、赥here are thousands of starts in the sky that are like our sun.
天空中有成千上萬顆像太陽一樣的恒星。
10. I’ve written to accept the invitation. 我已經(jīng)寫信表示接受邀請(qǐng)了。
e.g.①I received a note, but didn’t accept it. 我收到了一張支票，但沒接受。
?、贘ack received my letter, and accepted my advice.
Jack收到了我的信并且接受了我的建議。
③give sb. An invitation給sb發(fā)邀請(qǐng)(invite sb. to…)
refuse sb’s invitation. 拒絕sb的邀請(qǐng)。
11. I haven’t got an evening dress for the ball! 我沒有參加晚會(huì)的禮服啊!
12. But, just this once. After all, this ball is very important.
不過就這么一次，要知道，這次舞會(huì)很重要啊!
after all“畢竟，終究，到底”。用來說服或提醒對(duì)方，引出對(duì)方似乎忘記了的某個(gè)
重要的論點(diǎn)或理由。
e.g.①They met with difficulties, but I hear that they’re succeeded after all.
他們遇到了困難，但我聽說他們終究是成功了。
?、赟he said she would not go to the ball, but she went there after all.
她說不去參加舞會(huì)，但最后還是去了。
13. I have no jewellery to wear. 我沒有首飾戴。
dress和wear的區(qū)別：
e.g.①She always dresses in green. 她總是穿著綠色的衣服。
?、贒ress at once! 立刻穿上衣服。
?、跿he mother dresses the baby everyday. 媽媽每天給小寶寶穿衣服。
而wear的賓語只能是鞋帽等物品，表示一種狀態(tài)。
④He’s wearing a new coat today. 他今天穿了一件新大衣。
但不能說：Wear your clothes at once.
14. Can’t you just wear a flower instead? 難道不能就戴一朵花嗎?
這是一個(gè)否定疑問句，表示吃驚，可能含有批評(píng)或責(zé)備的意思。
e.g.①Hasn’t Albert telephoned you? Albert還沒有打電話來嗎?(說話人認(rèn)為Albert本該
已經(jīng)打電話來了，但卻沒打，因此感到奇怪，并含有批評(píng)的口氣)
②It’s getting dark. Can’t you walk a little faster? 天快黑了，你不能走快點(diǎn)嗎?(說話
人覺得對(duì)方走慢了，含有責(zé)備的口氣)
15. She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁了一個(gè)很有錢的人。
marry sb. 娶了某人/嫁給某人。get married結(jié)了婚。
be/ get married to sb.與某人結(jié)婚，不能用 with.
e.g.①—Is Jack married? Jack結(jié)婚了嗎?
—He got married last year. 他去年結(jié)婚了。
②He has been married to Mary for 3years. 他和Mary結(jié)婚3年了。
③Alice married a Frenchman. Alice和一個(gè)法國(guó)人結(jié)婚了。
16. So I called on you…
So是連詞，用來承上啟下，表示話語的邏輯性?！拔蚁肫鹉慵蘖艘粋€(gè)有錢人，所以就去看望你……”。
call on/ upon sb. visit sb.到家看望。
e.g.①It’s to years since I last called on my former teacher.
我最近的一次拜望老師已經(jīng)是10年前了。
Call at sb’s house. 到家看望。
②“I’ll call at your house tomorrow morning. Are you free? “—Yes. You’re welcome.”
“明天我想到家去看望你，你有空嗎?”“好的，歡迎”。
17. You tried it on and it looked wonderful on you.
你把項(xiàng)鏈戴上試了試，戴在你身上真是太好看了。
e.g.①Never buy shoes without trying them on first. 鞋子要先試再買。
?、赥he tailor asked the girl to try on the new dress. 裁縫要那個(gè)小孩試一下新衣服。
try on: 試穿，試戴。
18. Perhaps in those days I was. 也許那時(shí)候我是(個(gè)漂亮的姑娘)…
這是承上啟下的句子，后面的表語可以省略，以避免重復(fù)，在口語中常見。
e.g.①She said it was a valuable necklace. It really was.
她說那是一條很貴重的項(xiàng)鏈，的確很貴重。
?、凇癆re they in the park?” “I think they are.” “他們?cè)诠珗@里嗎?”“我想是的”。
19. Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
我和波爾在舞會(huì)上的確玩的很痛快。
句中的did是助動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中用來強(qiáng)調(diào)它后面的動(dòng)詞。
e.g.①Do come here next Sunday. 下星期日一定來啊!
?、贗 did agree with you. 我完全贊同你。
?、跾he does keep her promise. 她確實(shí)一貫遵守諾言。
20. But that was the last moment of happiness in our lives.
但那是我們一生中最后的幸福時(shí)刻了。
21. On our way home…… that the necklace was not around my neck any more!
那天晚上在回家的路上，我低頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不再掛在我的脖子上了。
not ……any mere. 不再。
e.g.①Don’t make the same mistake any more. 不要再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。
?、赟he doesn’t live here any more. 她不再住在這兒了。
22. It was exactly like your necklace, but it was a different one.
那條項(xiàng)鏈的確和你的一模一樣，但卻是另外的一條。
句中的One用來指代前在的名詞(necklace)。復(fù)數(shù)用ones.
e.g.①There are two books. The one on the shelf is mine. 這有2本書，書架上那本是我的。
?、赥here are lots of dresses in the case. You can try on the ones you like.
箱子里有很多件衣服，你可以試穿所有你喜歡的。
23. During the next ten years… to pay back the money we had borrowed (= In order to return
the money which we had borrowed, both of us worked a long time every day in the next ten
years.)在后來的10年時(shí)間里，為了償還這筆借款，我們兩個(gè)不分晝夜地干活。
pay back作“償還”，“還錢”解。pay back money to sb. pay back money for sth.
e.g.①“—I’ll pay back the money to you next week. Is it ok?”“我下星期還錢給你，行嗎?”
—“That’s ok!” 好吧!
?、凇癏ave you paid back the money for the foods?” 購(gòu)買食品的錢還了沒有?
③They paid off all the debts on time. 他們按時(shí)把債還清了。
?、躉nce we have paid off the store, we shall owe money to no one.
一旦把商店的錢還清了，我們就不欠任何人的錢了。
24. That’s why I come and ask for help. 這就是為什么我顯得這樣蒼老。
“Why” 在這里相當(dāng)于“the reason why …”即(為什么)…的原因。
e.g. He had stolen the necklace. That’s why he was punished.
他偷了項(xiàng)鏈，這說是受到懲罰的原因。
25. It wasn’t valuable at all. 它根本就不值錢。
at all“全然”“完全”。常用于否定句中“not…at all”“完全不”，“根本不”。 e.g.①She’s rather lazy, not at all suitable for the post. 她太懶了，根本不適合這個(gè)職業(yè)。
②I don’t believe her at all. 我根本就不相信她。
26. It was worth five hundred francs at the most… 它最多值500法郎。
be worth+sth. /doing sth.“值(多少錢)”
e.g.①This piece of jewelry is worth 0. 這件手飾值500美元。
?、贖is suggestion is worth consideration / considering. 他的建議值得考慮。
?、跿he museum is worth a visit. 那個(gè)博物館值得一看。
27. He is now at the Lost and Found.
他現(xiàn)在失物招領(lǐng)處。
間接問句
直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，有以下共同要求：
1.要把疑問語序變成陳述句語序。
2.主語的人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及狀語要作相應(yīng)的變化。
3.句末要用句號(hào)。
直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，還要用if / whether引導(dǎo)。如果在引語中含有“or”，則只能用whether.
e.g.① He asked her, “Are you pleased?” ?
He asked her if / whether she was pleased.
②She asked me, “Have you finished the work?” ?
She asked me if / where I had finished the work.
?、?Mother asked, “Will you stay at home or go with us?” ?
Mother asked (me) whether I would stay at home or go with them.
直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)仍和原來的疑問代詞。
e.g.① She asked me, “Where have you been all these years?” ?
She asked me where I had been all those years.
② He asked Tom, “What are you looking for?” ?
He asked Tom what he was looking for.
?、?He asked me, “Why didn’t you stop her?” ?
He asked me why I hadn’t stopped her.
練習(xí)
請(qǐng)改寫這個(gè)劇本。
有關(guān)高三英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)三
科目 英語
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit15.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Healthy Eating (健康飲食)
章節(jié) 第十五單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
Healthy Eating (健康飲食)
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
?、? 四會(huì)單詞和詞組：
pain , in (the) future , be rich in , contain , fat ( n . ) , soft drink , score , scores of , discuss , discussion , at the end ( of )
三會(huì)單詞和詞組： examine , ripe , advise , patient , energy , weight , put on weight , westerner , cause , unhealthy , lose weight , suggestion
Ⅱ. 交際英語：
人人都希望自己身體健康，工作順利，生活愉快。人體就像一部機(jī)器，機(jī)器需要經(jīng)常保養(yǎng)才能不停地正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，不出故障;人也需要營(yíng)養(yǎng)合理的飲食、充足的睡眠、必不可少的休息與娛樂。倘若你為了省錢省時(shí)間而終日湊合著吃東西;倘若你為了擠出更多的時(shí)間對(duì)付艱苦的學(xué)習(xí)而擠掉了睡眠時(shí)間;倘若你為了多打工賺錢，幾乎舍棄了所有的休息與娛樂。那么，生病就在所難免。萬一人生了病就需要去醫(yī)院診斷出出故障的原因，這時(shí)就需要和醫(yī)生打交道，下面是常用到的語句。
醫(yī)生用語：
1. What can I do for you ? / What was the matter ? / What\'s the trouble ?
2. Does it hurt here ? / It\'s nothing serious . / Let me examine you . / Take this medicine three times a day . / And I advise you not to do …
3. Drink plenty of water and have a good rest . / You\'d better have a good rest . / You\'ll be well soon .
4. Show me your tongue . / Stick out your tongue . / Did you cough much ? / Fortunately , you only have the flu (流感) . / You\'ll have to be hospitalized (住院) .
5. How long have you been like this ? / Well , let\'s see . Open your mouth and say “ah ”. / Keep warm and don\'t catch cold .
病人用語：
1. I\'ve got a pain ( cough , headache , toothache ) . / I don\'t feel well . / There\'s something wrong with … . / This place hurts . / I feel a great pain here . / I feel dizzy (頭暈) . / I took some medicine last night , but they didn\'t help . / Doctor , please give me an examination .
2. I\'ve had my temperature taken . I indeed have a fever . / I was hot and cold by turns .
3. I don\'t feel well , doctor . / I hope it won\'t last long . / I don\'t feel like eating anything .
4. I have a sore throat ( 喉嚨痛) and my chest hurts . / It started bothering me yesterday afternoon . / I feel hot and feverish . / I\'m aching all over .
5. I\'ve been losing sleep . / My whole body feels weak . / I\'ve lost my voice . / My ears are ringing , and my cheeks burning . / I feel a pain in my left leg .
?、? 語法重點(diǎn)：進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提出建議和忠告的句型。
1. I advise you (not) to do … / you\'d better (not) do … / I suggest that you (should) do … / Why not do … / Why don\'t you do …
2. It\'s better to be absolutely sure , even if it does take a bit more time and trouble .
3. Well , if I were you , I would spend about four days sightseeing in Beijing and two or three days in Shanghai for shopping .
4. Let me give you a bit of advice , if you don\'t mind . Stop smoking or at least cut down on it . Watch your diet and …
5. How / What about doing some shopping here ?
6. I think we\'d better send for a doctor .
7. Well , if you go on the way you have , you\'re only going to make things harder for yourself . 8. Yes , I suppose so . / Yes , I certainly will . / That\'s a good idea . / Yes , but don\'t you think … ?
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. contain 作及物動(dòng)詞是“包含;包括;能容納，能裝入”
Sea water contains salt .
This auditorium will contain 3,000 people .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) contain 和 include 雖然都有“包含”的意思，但 contain 可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而 include 則只是包含一部分。試對(duì)比：
The parcel contained a dictionary . 那包裹里裝的是一本字典。
The parcel included a dictionary . 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。
The tour includes a visit to Paris . 這次旅行包括游覽巴黎。
The basket contains a variety of fruits . 這籃子裝有各種水果。
(2) including 可以作介詞連接介詞短語。試比較：
Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth , including my mother .
Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth , my mother included .
可以這樣說，include 著重“被包含者只是整體中的一部分”。contain 著重“內(nèi)有”。
2. advise 作及物動(dòng)詞是“忠告、勸告、建議”
The doctor advised a soft diet . 醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)軟食。
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) advise + doing
He advised getting plenty of sleep and eating good meals .
(2) advise sb to do 建議某人干……。advise sb not to do sth = advise sb against doing 建議某人不要干
The teacher advised us not to read carelessly . = The teacher advised us against careless reading .
對(duì)比：The teacher advised our reading carefully . (動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
(3) advise that + 主語 + (should) do
She advised that he spend his holidays in Heinan .
對(duì)比：(誤)Sharon suggested me to ask Dr Yang for help .
(對(duì))Sharon advised me to ask Dr Yang for help .
(對(duì))Sharon suggested / advised that I should ask Dr Yang for help .
(對(duì))Sharon suggested / advised my asking Dr Yang for help .
(對(duì))I was advised to ask Dr Yang for help by Sharon .
(4) advice 是不可數(shù)名詞，表達(dá)“一條建議”用：a piece / bit / word of advice 。
3. score (比賽的) 得分;(單復(fù)數(shù)相同)二十
The score at the end of the game was 5 to 4 against the visiting team . 比賽結(jié)果為 5 比 4 ， 客隊(duì)敗北。
What\'s the score now ? 現(xiàn)在比分是多少 ?
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) scores of 許多，大批
The exhibition has scores of visitors every day .
(2) score 前有數(shù)詞時(shí)，score 用單數(shù)，其后的 of 常省略。但在代詞或者起定語作用的指示代詞及物主掉次前的 of 不能省略。
Three score of them are League members .
Three score of those eggs are his .
She has two score (of) eggs . (這種情況下不用 of )
4. discuss 作及物動(dòng)詞是“討論，議論”。名詞形式是 discussion 。
I\'ve something of great importance to discuss with you .
After careful discussion the two parties reached an agreement on this matter .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) discuss 后直接接名詞、疑問詞 + to do ，不接 about / on 。但discussion 后可以接about 。
(錯(cuò))We have discussed about the problem .
(對(duì))We have discussed the problem .
(對(duì))We have had a discussion about the problem .
(2) discuss sth with sb 和某人討論……
We will discuss the changes of our school with them later .
(3) discuss freely 自由討論，discuss fully / thoroughly 充分討論，discuss keenly 激烈討論，under discussion 在討論中，have a long discussion about / on sth 對(duì)……進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論， a heated / hot discussion 熱烈的討論。5. suggestion 建議
Your suggestion is very helpful .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗(1) 含有suggestion 的主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句中主句謂語用 should 型虛擬式。
We agree to his suggestion that the book (should) be published once more .
(2) suggestion 的搭配有：make a helpful / timely suggestion 作出有益(適時(shí))的建議。act on / at one\'s suggestion = act on / at the suggestion of sb 按照某人的建議做。
(3) suggestion , advice 和 opinion
advice 多指根據(jù)自己的學(xué)識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出來的供人參考的意見。suggestion 指為改進(jìn)工作、解決問題而提出的建議，比 advice 委婉。opinion 是日常用語，指對(duì)某事的觀點(diǎn)、想法。另外，advice 是不可數(shù)名詞。
Advice is seldom welcome . (諺語) 忠言逆耳。
In our opinion , these trees must be cut down at once .
We have decided to pay more attention to their suggestions .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. at the doctor\'s 在診所
At the doctor\'s you can have your eyesight tested .
2. visit a doctor = see a doctor 看醫(yī)生，看病，就診
He had to visit a doctor because of his heart trouble .
3. a piece of bread 一塊面包
4. a bit 有點(diǎn)兒(修飾形容詞)
These apples are a bit green . 這些蘋果有些生。
5. have a good rest 好好休息一下
6. in four hours\' time 四小時(shí)后，四小時(shí)內(nèi)
Take two pills now and two more in fours\' time .
They will arrive in two hours\' time .
7. a diet of 一種……的食物
Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods .
8 . different kinds of 不同種類的
There are different kinds of moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Day .
Different kinds of book ( = Different kinds of books = Books of different kinds ) are on show in the book fair .
9. in calories 以卡來計(jì)算
The energy is measured in calories . 這種能量以卡來計(jì)算。
10. be asleep 睡者(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))。fall asleep 睡著(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)
11. burn up 燒掉，燒毀;消耗掉。
While you are walking , your body is burning up 100 calories an hour .
If the satellite returns to the earth too fast , it burns up on the way .
The house burned up before the firemen got there .
12. as much as 像……那樣多;多達(dá);到達(dá)……的程度。as much as 用于不可數(shù)的物體，而 as many as 則用于可數(shù)的物體。該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以變化為：as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as 或者 as many + 可數(shù)名詞 + as 的形式。
Here is a bottle of ink . You may use as much as you need .
The average distance of the sun from the earth is as much as 150 million kilometres .
太陽與地球的平均距離達(dá)一億五千萬公里。
You should rest as much as possible .
In the countries of Black Africa , there are as many as 700 languages .
When working there , she could earn as much as 500 dollars a week .
He is strong enough to carry as much as 200 jin .
13. be considered (to be ) + 名詞或者形容詞“被認(rèn)為是……”
14. be rich in 含有大量的;充滿
This kind of fish is rich in vitamins A and D .
A large stretch of land rich in coal is called a coal field .
注意其反義詞組是：be low in 含量低。be high in 含有大量的……
15. too much 過于多的(修飾不可數(shù)名詞、作主語、作賓語、作表語)。而much too修飾形容詞和副詞。
She gets up much too early , because she has too much work to do every day .
16 . take exercise 運(yùn)動(dòng);鍛煉
You need to take more exercise if you want to keep healthy .
She ate too much and did not take any exercise .
17. put on weight 增加體重;發(fā)胖。lose weight 減少體重。
Too many sweets and not enough exercise will make you put on weight .
To the great joy of her , she has lost much weight .
18. in the form of 以……的形式
He made the suggestion in the form of a question .
All sounds travel in the forms of waves .
Water exists in the form of ice , snow , steam , etc.
19. one person in ten = one-tenth = one person out of ten 十分之一的人
注意區(qū)別：ten to one 十有八九，有可能
20. by the age of 在……歲前;不超過……歲。by 在這里相當(dāng)于 before 。
She had had three children by the age of 35 .
He had been in the army for two years by the age of 18 .
注意：at the age of 在……歲時(shí)。試對(duì)比：
She married at the age of 30 .
She had been married by the age of 30 .
21. put … in order 把……按照順序排列好
22 . value for money 合算，花錢值得
23 . scores of 幾十的，大量的，許多的(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
24 . value of money 合算，花錢值得
25 . lose weight 減少體重
26 . die from heart illnesses 死于各類心臟疾病
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元句型思路明晰
1. Even when + 從句
Even when you are asleep , you are using energy . 甚至在你睡覺時(shí)，你也在消耗能量。
〖明晰〗even 作為副詞放在由when引起的時(shí)間狀語從句的前面起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。
Even when it is in August , the weather there is very cold .
Even when he was taking a holiday he was worried about his work .
2 . 主語 + be considered + to be + 主語補(bǔ)足語
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world . 中國(guó)飲食被認(rèn)為是世界上最健康的飲食。
〖明晰〗consider 做“認(rèn)為”時(shí)可以帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即：主語 + consider + 賓語 + 不定式(主要是 to be 做賓語補(bǔ)足語)。如果將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則 consider 用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，原來作賓補(bǔ)的不定式便變成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：to be 常常被省略后成為：consider + 賓語 + 名詞(或者形容詞)。
He considered the task to be the most difficult one . → The task was considered to be the most difficult one by him .
We all consider his suggestion to be reasonable . → His suggestion is considered to be reasonable .
We consider this (to be) a useful book . → We consider this book useful .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . When playing football or basketball , you might be using 400 calories an hour . 踢足球或者打籃球時(shí)，你每小時(shí)可能要消耗 400 卡能量。
〖釋疑〗連詞 when , while 引起的時(shí)間狀語從句，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語是同一人或物時(shí)，則可以省略主謂語，變成“When / while + ing”這中結(jié)構(gòu)。
While he was doing the experiment , he noticed something strange . = While doing the experiment , he noticed something strange .
2 . In some parts of Britain , one person in ten , by the age of thirty , has no teeth left . 在英國(guó)有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齒就掉光了。
〖釋疑〗 one person in ten 即 one person in ten persons 的省略，其意思為“十個(gè)中有一個(gè)人”。與 one person in ten 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：one person out of ten , one out of ten persons 。但是，ten to one 是“十有八九，很可能”。
Two teachers in ten are against this plan .
Three out of four people (= Three fourths of the people ) went there to have a look .
It will rain tonight ten to one .
有關(guān)高三英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)文章：
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