英語語法填空12個得分技巧改錯秘籍
語法填空這種題型能全面檢測大家在英語詞匯、語法，甚至是句法上的運用能力，能更科學地反映大家的英語綜合水平。但是語法填空卻困擾著很多同學，如何更好地的處理這類題型，小編在這里整理了相關資料，希望能幫助到您。
英語語法填空12個得分技巧
已給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題可以考查學生對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。
技巧一：名詞形式變化
名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復數(shù)、所有格的變化。
例：
There are many students living at school，the______(children) houses are all far from school.
由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應填復數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應用其所有格形式，故答案為children’s。
技巧二：動詞形式變化
動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣)，有非謂語的變化(不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)。
例：
The talk_____(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應當用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式;且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式——to be given。
技巧三：代詞形式變化
代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如no one/none、other/another等。
例：
The king decided to see the painter by_____(he).
由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應填反身代詞himself。
技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級變化
英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式，或通過加后綴er和est，或在詞前more/less和most/least，且形容詞的最高級還要冠以the。
例：
I am_____(tall)than Liuwen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此題后句交代了Liuwen是班上最高的學生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)ess tall”。
技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化
數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式 once/twice
例：
In the summer holiday following my_______(eighteen)birthday, I tookdriving lessons.
這里應是“第十八個生日”，是序數(shù)概念而非基數(shù)概念，故用eighteenth。
技巧六：詞的派生
詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。
例：
There is a direct link between the increase in food eatenoutside the home and the rise in ___________ (weigh) problems.
這里是指“體重問題”，故應用名詞weight作定語。
未給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題難度較大，但也是有方法應對的。
技巧七：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。
例1：
The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應用enjoy oneself短語，故其答案為themselves。
例2：
His boss was____angry as to fire him.
如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關聯(lián)短語so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
技巧八：從句引導詞
從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學生對引導詞的掌握程度。
例1：
He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導詞，此引導詞在從句中充當賓語，且指物，所以是what。
例2：
Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導詞，進一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定語從句中做主語。
技巧九：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)
短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。
例1：
The us consists____fifty states.
根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。
例2：
Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take care_____ her.
生病需要人照顧，所以答案是of。
技巧十：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)
短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：except for，due to等。
例1：
Mr. Smith took a plane to London instead ____ taking a train.
此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為of，以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of。
例2：
Just then，he saw a blackboard in front _____ him.
細心觀察，可以看出填入of即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。
技巧十一：連詞、關聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關聯(lián)短語有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例：
____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both…and，故答案為Both。
技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞
冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷;常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：
Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.
這里考查的是不定冠詞的習慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成at a high speed，“以高速”開車。
例2：
Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。
例3：
Though Tom did the same work____Jim did，he got a lower pay______Jim.
第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。
例4：
There is only one dayleft，_____，I still haven’t done my homework.
觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，且橫線與前后用逗號隔開，排除but，所以答案是however。
英語短文改錯題探秘
高考英語改錯題是考生感到棘手的題型之一。筆者對近幾年的高考英語改錯題作了細致的分析并加以歸類后，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤類型主要集中在以下方面。(例題保留原題號)
1. 動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題，而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and連接并列謂語)
(3)Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時)
(4)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄給你，應該是已經(jīng)拍好的，用過去時)
(5)There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷，應該是現(xiàn)在時，謂語用is)
(6)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復數(shù)
單復數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一，改動的依據(jù)有：一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系。
(1)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(3)a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(4)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應為復數(shù)形式)
(5)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(從there are 判斷應該用名詞復數(shù))
3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤范圍龐大，解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考：1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當?shù)取?/p>
(1)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(2)I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(3)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money，謂語應該用單數(shù))
(5)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復。
(1)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列謂語，should多余)
(2)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是連詞for是介詞，不能并列)
5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習慣表達。如固定短語中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個，從高考英語改錯題的角度來看，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the
(根據(jù)句義是特指這個周末)
(2)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩，應用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音，應該用an)
(4)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the
(名詞后由從句修飾時，應使用定冠詞)
(5)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China 83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致，其運用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關系。
(1)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應一致)
(2)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them
(pupils 是復數(shù),后應該用替代復數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their
(指代對象應一致)
(4)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點是解答連詞及其相關問題的關鍵所在。
(1)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and
(從句意可知，此處表并列關系，應用and)
(2)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and
(并列關系，“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞，也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy
(be easy 非常容易，形容詞做表語)
(2)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible
(作定語應用形容詞)
(5)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學，但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認清了高考英語改錯題的特點、解題方法以及錯誤類型，解題時就不會盲目從事，而能做到有的放矢。
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