高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：非謂語(yǔ)及時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥
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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣、真理格言、時(shí)刻表、主將從現(xiàn))
do / does am / is / are done
常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(每隔)
翻譯：
1.就像老話(huà)說(shuō)的那樣，失敗是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我們每?jī)芍芑丶乙淮巍?/p>
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡覺(jué)。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作業(yè)每天都做。(用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Homework is done everyday.
5.我們家附近有一家醫(yī)院，這對(duì)我們很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10點(diǎn)鐘起飛。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你盡力的話(huà)你會(huì)成功的。
Youll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一來(lái)我就告訴他這件事。
Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes.
補(bǔ)充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)后接不定式表示將來(lái)的含義
9.我打算上一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。
I expect to go to a key university.
做題法寶：一看主語(yǔ)定單復(fù)數(shù)、定語(yǔ)態(tài)，二看狀語(yǔ)或其他句子中的動(dòng)詞定時(shí)態(tài)
一.一般過(guò)去式
did was/were done
常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,
翻譯：
1.我小學(xué)上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自從他加入到這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部已經(jīng)半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角處停下把空瓶子扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.從1952年到1959年他在部隊(duì)當(dāng)了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中國(guó)不再是它過(guò)去的樣子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.過(guò)去，他寫(xiě)了五部小說(shuō)。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是時(shí)候努力學(xué)習(xí)了。
Its high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的話(huà)，我會(huì)更努力學(xué)習(xí)Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(動(dòng)作始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去)
has / have done has / have been done
常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,
1.這是到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)，我出席的最重要的講座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前為止，Tom已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英語(yǔ)有20年了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去過(guò)倫敦嗎?
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.I ____havent found________(find) the book till now.
---Dont worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、發(fā)行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had done had been done
常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：
1.過(guò)去的過(guò)去;到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作
2.hardly/scarely(過(guò)完) when(一般過(guò)去)
no sooner(過(guò)完) than(一般過(guò)去) 表示剛就
3.It/This/That was + the 序數(shù)詞 time + that (過(guò)完) 那是第幾次做
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，意為原本
1.他說(shuō)他在國(guó)外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000歌單詞。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比賽剛剛開(kāi)始就開(kāi)始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想幫你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：
1.說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)或者現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;
2.某些短暫性動(dòng)詞如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
3.與always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 連用表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，含有厭惡、贊賞、遺憾等情緒
1.我們的朋友現(xiàn)在正在外邊等我們呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她現(xiàn)在正在大學(xué)學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸媽這周六要來(lái)看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他總是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教學(xué)樓正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/were doing was/were being done
常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this/that time + 過(guò)去時(shí)間;atoclock + 過(guò)去時(shí)間;fromto+過(guò)去時(shí)間; those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9點(diǎn)鐘你在干什么呢?
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那個(gè)男孩子正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)的時(shí)候突然他爸爸進(jìn)來(lái)了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
will do will be done
1.老師一來(lái)，我們就開(kāi)始上課。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
It doesnt matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,非個(gè)人能隨意改變)
5. 你媽回來(lái)之前你不要出去。(要求或命令他人做某事)
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a weeks time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火車(chē)馬上就要離開(kāi)。
八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
would do would be done
表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，有過(guò)去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作作參照。Was/were about to do .when該句型很少與表示將來(lái)的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以和when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用。
1.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在車(chē)站等我們。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正準(zhǔn)備出門(mén)的時(shí)候我的一位老朋友來(lái)了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
will be + doing will be being done
表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
明天這會(huì)我正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。
Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、將來(lái)完成時(shí)
will have +done will have been done
表在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o‘clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。
到下個(gè)月底，他就已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000個(gè)單詞了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
1.語(yǔ)法單句填空
引入范例：
動(dòng)詞 ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
*More highways have been built in China，____ (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
答案 making
動(dòng)詞 ed分詞(過(guò)去分詞)
*Recently the father has found his son increasingly ___ attracted ___ to the Internet games.
句意：最近那位父親發(fā)現(xiàn)他的兒子越來(lái)越沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。賓語(yǔ)his son與attract為邏
輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
動(dòng)詞 to do(不定式)
Group activities will be organized after class (help) children develop team spirit.(2014重慶，11)
答案 to help
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：將在課后組織各種團(tuán)體活動(dòng)以幫助兒童培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神是組織課外團(tuán)體活動(dòng)的目的。英語(yǔ)中表示目的時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式。
其他情況
The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2013四川，10)
答案 to be completed
(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建，27)
答案 Having spent
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?；ㄙM(fèi)和其邏輯主語(yǔ)Linda之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞;且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
1.Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (2012湖南)
2.Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(14福建)
3.Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.(08陜西)
4.Standing(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (2012陜西)
5. Tired (tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(09浙江)
6.The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house. (2011全國(guó)I)
7. George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.(2012山東)
8.The lecture having been given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江蘇)
9.To free (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014湖南)
10.Absorbed (absorb) in the book she was reading, Mary didnt notice me approaching.
11.Children, whenaccompanied (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南)
12.Though surprised (surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)
13.Though lacking (lack)money, his parents managed to send him to university.
14.While crossing (cross) the street, you cant be too careful.
15.When completed ( complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
16. The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different deions of the fight. (2013陜西)
17.His first book to be published (publish) next month is based on a true story.(2010陜西)
18.Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change)lives, including your own.(2013北京)
19.Prices of daily goods bought (buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002全國(guó)春)
20.There is a note pinned to the door saying (say)when the shop will open again. (2014山東)
21.With the governments aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009上海)
22.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)
23. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had hadrepaired (repair) went wrong again. (1999上海)
24.Tom was explaining to us and he was trying to make himself understood(understand).
25.With many brightly colored flowersplanted (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
26.Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05江蘇)
27.As the old saying goes, friendship is like money easier made than kept (keep).
28.When she was on his way back home, she had her wallet stolen (steal) yesterday.
29.Caught (catch) in the heavy rain, he was all wet.
30.Given (give) more time, we could do it much better.
31.Dressed (dress)in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
32.Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
33.Driven (drive)by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
34.Seen (see) from the top of hill, the town looks more beautiful.
35.When they got there, the girl was found beaten ( beat) black and blue.
36.The club, founded (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
37.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).
38.I am not accustomed tobeing treated ( treat) like this.
39. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked
41. Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2.語(yǔ)法單句改錯(cuò)
1.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014年遼understand
2.He wantedteach me about animals, insects and trees.(2014 陜西)toteach
3.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó))
hold
4. She never seemedcare what the rest of us thought about her. to care
5.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.
give
6.A very much famous writer agreed to reading my story and give me some advice.
read
7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, had our barbecue.(2014 陜西)having
8.Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陜西)
Feeling
9.Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings.(2011遼寧)Following
10.Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing.(2012大綱全國(guó)II)used
11.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012陜西)taken
12.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister. embarrassed
13.Im pleasing to hear it, said his boss, but where were you yesterday?pleased
14.After think for some time, I let her copy my answers.(2013年四川)thinking
15.He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (2013新課標(biāo))
talking
16.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)Having
17.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. (2012四川) teaching
18.I soon got used to live without my parents around.(2011重慶)living
19.The foreigner tried his best to make his pointbe understood.劃去be
20.They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.tied
21. Mark got his hands to burnt in the accident.劃去to
22. What kept you so exciting? excited
23.You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. heard
24.I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident. held
25.She denied there be any misunderstanding between them.being
26. There were so many people in the street watch the fire that firefighters couldnt get close to the building .watching
27.Weatherpermits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting