高一英語(yǔ)課本背誦知識(shí)點(diǎn)概括
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高一英語(yǔ)課本背誦知識(shí)點(diǎn)概括1
1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他沒(méi)能上電影學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗姆謹(jǐn)?shù)太低了。
該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
1. 句中that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)reason的具體內(nèi)容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason / cause時(shí)，一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，以免造成語(yǔ)意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是This / That時(shí)，可以由because / why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.
【考例】(NMET 1999)
-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[考查目標(biāo)] 表語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你請(qǐng)了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。
2. why在句中是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)why = for which，但要注意：關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
[考查目標(biāo)]定語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]A what，how不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，排除B、C兩項(xiàng);the reason在定語(yǔ)從句中作explained的賓語(yǔ)，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 好多看過(guò)這個(gè)片子的人一想起片中鯊魚(yú)食人的場(chǎng)面.就不敢下海游泳了。
該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句，從when到句子末尾是狀語(yǔ)從句，在從句中包含一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over.
定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物;“顧后”即后面的定語(yǔ)從句，看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works. (狀語(yǔ)) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited. (賓語(yǔ))
【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[考查目標(biāo)]定語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選to whom。
3. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 當(dāng)有人問(wèn)起他成功的秘訣時(shí)。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說(shuō)起他的成功和幸福主要來(lái)自于妻子和孩子。
該句中的 "when" 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。在狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it，而且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be或包含be時(shí)，常常將從句主語(yǔ)與be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.
【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象。
[答案與解析]A unless為連詞，后面省略了you are，所以選invited。
高一英語(yǔ)課本背誦知識(shí)點(diǎn)概括2
1.be good to對(duì)……友好be good for對(duì)……有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2.add up加起來(lái) 增加
add up to合計(jì)，總計(jì)
add…to把……加到……
3.not…until/till意思是“直到…才”
4.get sth/sb done使……完成/使某人被……
5.calm down平靜下來(lái)
6.be concerned about關(guān)心，關(guān)注
7.當(dāng)while,when,before,after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose.
8.cheat in the exam_
9.go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)
10.hide away躲藏;隱藏
11.set down寫(xiě)下，記下
12.I wonder if…我不知道是不是…
12.on purpose故意
13.sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事
it so happened that……正巧 碰巧
14.It is the first(second…)that…(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
15.in one’s power處于……的控制之中
16.It’s no pleasure doing…做…沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣
It’s no good/use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的
17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式賓語(yǔ)
18.suffer from患…病;遭受
19.so…that…/such…thay…
20.get tired of…對(duì)…感到勞累 疲憊
21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在……上遇到了麻煩
22.get along with sb/sth.與某人相處
23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建議
24.make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:
make sb.do sth.讓(使)某人做某事
make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物…
make sb./oneself+v-ed 讓某人/自己被…
When you speak,you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n.使某人成為…
25.alone /lonely.單獨(dú)的/孤獨(dú)的
26.I would be grateful if…委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求
27.Why not do…=why don’t you do…
高一英語(yǔ)課本背誦知識(shí)點(diǎn)概括3
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. _來(lái)了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行倒裝。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會(huì)游泳，我也不會(huì)。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開(kāi)頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰(shuí)。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學(xué)遲到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車(chē)站,火車(chē)就離開(kāi)了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開(kāi),電話就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來(lái)，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個(gè)時(shí)間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
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