高一英語的語法知識點(diǎn)
高一英語的語法知識點(diǎn)
我們都知道學(xué)習(xí)英語最重要的就是時(shí)態(tài)的語法學(xué)習(xí)。如果語法學(xué)得特別好,對英語寫作非常有幫助,而且還可以考高分接下來小編為大家整理了高一英語學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,一起來看看吧!
高一英語的語法知識點(diǎn)
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在 (說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 (說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)。
[例句] What are you doing these days?
3.表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等,常與always, constantly, continually等副詞連用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4.表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移動(dòng)”、“方向”的詞。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2.動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, arrive, start等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常表過去將來時(shí)。
[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時(shí)間狀語連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2.表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4.在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):一般過去時(shí)
1.表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。
[例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):一般將來時(shí)
1.表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。
[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.
2.常用來表示將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)包括:
(1) shall / will +動(dòng)詞原形:(單純)表將來,一般不用于條件句。
(2) be going to +動(dòng)詞原形:(計(jì)劃)打算做……。
(3) be about to +動(dòng)詞原形:即將或正要去做某事,通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。
(4) be to +動(dòng)詞原形:預(yù)定要做……。
(5) be doing表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
[例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2.常與介詞for, during, in, within, over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與several times, once, twice, frequently等頻度副詞連用。
[例句] I have been to the USA several times.
4.表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作。
[例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5.用在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。
[例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6.在“最高級+名詞”或在“這是第幾次…”之后跟定語從句,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
[例句] ①This is the third time I have been there.
?、赥his is the best tea I have ever drunk.
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識點(diǎn):過去完成時(shí)
1.表示在過去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2.有些動(dòng)詞 (如: hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等)的過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
◆動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1.瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。例句:
①The film begins in a minute.
?、贛y uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例句:
?、貳very time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
?、贗f you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等,所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it?
—I finished it last summer.
◆直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題:
1.人稱的變化
2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化
3.時(shí)間狀語的變化
4.地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
例句:
?、賆iao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”
→Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.
?、贐ob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”
→Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.
◆定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況:
只能用that的情況
1. 先行詞是不定代詞。
例句:Please tell me everything that happened to you.
2.先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very等修飾。
例句: ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
?、赥his is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.
3.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句:She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.
不能用that的情況
1.非限制性定語從句中。
例句:He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.
2. 先行詞本身是that。
例句:I have that which you gave me.
3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例句:The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.
◆現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較:
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句:
①I have been painting the paining. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
?、贗 have painted the painting. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果)
2.有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中,但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如:have, love, see等。例句:
?、賁he has had a cold for a week.
?、赥hey have loved each other for three years.
?、跧 have seen this movie.
-ing形式:
1. having done
having done是非謂語動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的完成式,而doing則是其一般式,它們都與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是doing與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生;having done則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞之前。
[例句]
?、貶earing the news, they got excited. (hear和get excited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)
②Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. (arrive發(fā)生在take a rest之前)
2.動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接to do形式作賓語,但意義有所不同。
[例如]
① forget / remember / regret doing sth.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;
forget / remember / regret to do sth.則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。
?、?mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”;
mean doing sth.表示“意味著做某事”。
?、?try to do sth.表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”;
try doing sth.表示“試著做某事”。
?、?stop to do sth.表示“停下來接著做另一件事”;
stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。
⑤ go on to do sth.表示“(做完某事)接著做另一件事”;
go on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”(= go on with sth.)。
⑥ can’t help to do sth.表示“不能幫助做某事”;
can’t help doing sth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。
3. have/has been doing
have / has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程,動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
[例句]
?、買 have written a book. (動(dòng)作結(jié)束)
?、贗 have been writing a book. (可能未寫完,側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書)
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