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初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)

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初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)

不定式作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞的后面。

I need something to eat.

Do you have something to read?

Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.

He is really a fool only to eat.

The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.

The doctor had no way to save the patient.

注意:

(1)作定語(yǔ)的不定式是由及物動(dòng)詞組成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關(guān)系需要有介詞。

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關(guān)系)

We have many things to do experiments with.

我們有許多做實(shí)驗(yàn)的東西(方式關(guān)系)

(2)作定語(yǔ)的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。

Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.

We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

To give is better than to receive.

To reach there on foot is impossible.

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用it 代替,把實(shí)際主語(yǔ)不定式放在后面。

It’s better to give than to receive.

It’s impossible to reach there on foot.

It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.

It’s not difficult for me to study English well.

It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.

在這個(gè)句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)關(guān)系密切,并且形容詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等,由of引出邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。

初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

一. 定義:

由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞。而非限定動(dòng)詞是指那些在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,可分為不定式,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。“動(dòng)詞不定式”由動(dòng)詞+不定式構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何句子成分。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。

二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形

(1)作主語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),其位置有以下兩種: (1)把不定式置于句首。

如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ),把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。

如:

It+be+名詞+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.

It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?

It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.

It+be+形容詞+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;

在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。

在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)舉例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

1、It's so nice to hear your voice.

聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。

2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

當(dāng)你不用車(chē)的時(shí)候,鎖車(chē)是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

1、It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西,這顯得太自私了。

注意:

(1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

(2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

(3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不能用It is… to…的句型

(對(duì))To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。

(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.

初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)如下:

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+am/is/are(not)+過(guò)去分詞

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞

一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+will+be+過(guò)去分詞

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+would/should+be+過(guò)去分詞

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+had+been+過(guò)去分詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞

2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),不用by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語(yǔ)。

Footballisplayedwidelyallovertheworld.

全世界都廣泛地踢足球

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。

Thebankwasrobbedyesterdayafternoon.

昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。

(3)作客觀說(shuō)明時(shí),常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型。

ItisreportedthatabouttwentychildrenhavediedoffluintheUSA.

據(jù)報(bào)道美國(guó)大約二十名兒童死于流感。

3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟

(1)把原句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)

(2)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式,即be+過(guò)去分詞

(3)原來(lái)的主語(yǔ),如果需要的話,放在by后面;如果沒(méi)必要,可省略。

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