名詞性從句講解和區(qū)分
作為高考的熱點(diǎn),名詞性從句幾乎在歷年的高考試卷中都有涉及。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼拿~性從句講解和區(qū)分,希望大家喜歡!
[關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用]
例1 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
解析 that→where。本題考查賓語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,所以將that改為where。
例2 (2015·全國卷Ⅱ) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析 how。根據(jù)語境和空后的形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句,此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故答案為how。
點(diǎn)撥 若從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語,則考慮用關(guān)系代詞;若從句缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等狀語成分,則使用關(guān)系副詞(when/where/why/how)。
[if和whether的誤用]
例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends.
解析 if→whether。question后為同位語從句,只能用whether來引導(dǎo),故而將if改為whether。
例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not.
解析 考查主語從句。句意:你來還是不來,這不怎么重要。代詞it作形式主語,真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。
點(diǎn)撥 在表達(dá)“是否”這一意思時(shí),我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用到whether和if,但以下幾種情況只用whether不用if:
1. 在表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中;
2. 在介詞后的賓語從句中。如:It all depends on whether they will support us.
3. 在不定式之前。如:He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
4. 從句中有or not時(shí)。如:He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.
[what和that的誤用]
例5 (2016·上海卷) Eventually, I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.
解析 what。句意:發(fā)生的事情真的讓我很驚訝。設(shè)空處無提示詞,分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句中缺少主語,且指代的是物,可判斷答案為what。本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句且在從句中做主語。
例6 He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.
解析 that→what。介詞in后的賓語從句中缺少賓語,應(yīng)用what。
點(diǎn)撥 要正確填入引導(dǎo)詞,關(guān)鍵在于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分。引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),that不作任何句子成分,只起連接作用;what可作主語、賓語、表語、定語,既充當(dāng)從句的一個(gè)成分,又引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,意為“什么”“……的人”“……的地方”“……的樣子”。
[wh-ever的誤用]
例7 (2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever
C. Whatever D. Wherever
解析 C??疾橹髡Z從句。本題中,helps是謂語,you can do屬于主語的一部分。在主語從句中,do的后面缺少賓語,whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句,同時(shí)作do的賓語,該句意思是:你能做的任何事都有幫助。
點(diǎn)撥 關(guān)系代詞whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于anyone who,anything that等;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于no matter who/what/which。
注意 1. wh-和wh-ever的區(qū)別:wh-有疑問的意思;wh-ever有強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思。如:
Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.
Whoever/Anyone who comes here is welcomed.
2. wh-ever在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)可以替換。如:
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
= No matter what happened, he would not mind.
[代詞it的誤用]
例8 This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.
As is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I were a native speaker.
解析 This→It;As→It。兩個(gè)句子均是主語從句,應(yīng)該用it作形式主語。
點(diǎn)撥 代詞it作形式主語,將主語從句放到句尾,引導(dǎo)詞則根據(jù)從句所缺的成分來確定。出題人一般會(huì)利用同學(xué)們對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不牢而針對(duì)形式主語it設(shè)題。
例9 (2015·浙江卷) How would you like , if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one
C. those D. it
解析 D。if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是本句真正的賓語,而空格處是形式賓語,只有it可充當(dāng)形式賓語。
點(diǎn)撥 有些動(dòng)詞或短語,如like, hate, dislike, appreciate, owe, depend on, see to,接賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語從句前加it做形式賓語。例如:
I don’t like it when you look at me like that.
[與其他從句的混淆]
不少同學(xué)經(jīng)常將名詞性從句與其他從句,尤其是與定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句搞混。
1. 與定語從句的區(qū)別
例10 (2015·天津卷) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
解析 where。句意為“這家公司的老板正盡力為員工創(chuàng)設(shè)一種讓他們能盡情享受工作的氛圍”。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞atmosphere,該從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語,故填關(guān)系副詞where,相當(dāng)于in which。
點(diǎn)撥 定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別:定語從句前必須有先行詞,先行詞通常為名詞或代詞;名詞性從句除同位語從句外,前面均無名詞或代詞。
2. 與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別
例11 (2015·湖北卷) It was in the lake that they found the long last sword of the Ming Dynasty.
解析 本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,強(qiáng)調(diào)了地點(diǎn)狀語in the lake,意思是“正是在那個(gè)湖里……”。that與前面的It was共同構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。
例12 (2016·江蘇卷) It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what
C. as D. that
解析 考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是D。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,that在本句中不充當(dāng)成分。句意:通常對(duì)那些心存希望的人來說,一切都是可能發(fā)生的。
點(diǎn)撥 要弄清名詞性從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別,同學(xué)們就應(yīng)該牢記強(qiáng)調(diào)句中若去掉it is/was ... that ...,句子依然完整,而名詞性從句中用來引導(dǎo)主、賓語從句的that盡管沒有實(shí)際含義,但在從句中起連接作用。
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