初中英語狀語從句詳細(xì)解析
狀語從句是英語語法中的常用句型語法,那么大家是否清楚什么是狀語從句呢?下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼某踔杏⒄Z狀語從句詳細(xì)解析,希望能幫助到大家!
狀語從句詳細(xì)解析
一、什么是狀語、狀語從句?
狀語:是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句用的。
eg:He works hard! (他努力工作)中的hard。
狀語的位置:
修飾形容詞或副詞的狀語放在被修飾語之前。
eg:The Summer Palace is very beautiful.頤和園非常美麗。
(very 為狀語,修飾形容詞 beautiful,放在 beautiful 之前)。
修飾動詞的狀語有的放在動詞前,有的放在動詞之后。
如果動詞有賓語,狀語一般須放在賓語之后。
eg: I He often came here to see me.他經(jīng)常到這里來看我。(often 為狀語,修飾動詞came,放在前面)。
I know him well.我十分了解他。(well為狀語,修飾動詞 know,放在 know 之后)。
狀語從句:用一個句子(從句)來作另一個句子(主句)的狀語,用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如:條件狀語從句就是用一個句子來作條件狀語。
二、狀語從句的分類。
(1)時間狀語從句
凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的詞有when,before,after,until,as soon as,while 等,具體用法如下:
1. when 意為“當(dāng)……時”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。
eg: I feel very happy when you come to see me.
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.
when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動詞,也可以用瞬間動詞。
eg:He was working at the table when I went in. 。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.
I will visit my good friend when I have time.
注:when也可以作并列連詞,表示一個動詞正在進(jìn)行的時候,突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。
eg: I was fishing by the river,when someone called for help.
We were working in the chemistry lab,when the lights went out.
2. before 意為“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。 eg: We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.
He had been a cook before he went to college .
after 意為“在……之后”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。
eg: After you use plastic bags,you mustn't throw them about.
He called me after he had finished his work.
注:若主句和從句兩個動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成時態(tài),如上面的 第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
3. since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,譯為“自從……”,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句常用一般過去時。
eg: I have taught English, since I came to Shenzhen.
注:常用句型:It is +時間段+since從句 譯為:自從……有多長時間了。
eg. It is six years since she graduated from the university.
4. until 意為“直到……時”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞時,主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞時,從句常用否定形式,not…until… 意為“直到……才……”,這時的until可以用before 來替換。
eg:I'll stay here until you come back.
我會呆在這里,直到你回來。 (stay表示的 動作可以持續(xù))
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動作不能持續(xù))
5. as soon as 意為“一……就……”,表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。
eg:I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
6. while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,常譯為“與……同時,在……期間”,while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。
eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.
注:while也可以作并列連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于but,譯為“然而”。
eg. I like listening to music,while my brother likes doing sports.
7. till和until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,譯為“直到……為止”,not … till / until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,譯為“直到……才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作的結(jié)束,用延續(xù)性動詞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作的開始,用瞬間動詞。
eg. I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。
We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.
我們要等到他來了,再開始我們的討論。
(2)條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。
eg:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.
2.在條件狀語從句里,謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。(主將從現(xiàn))
eg:I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
3.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。
eg:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
(3) 原因狀語從句
1.原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。
eg:He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
2. because表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題,只能用because。As和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。
eg:------Why aren’t going there? ------Because I don’t want to.
As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
3. because和so不能同用在一個句子里。
For 語氣最弱,它所引導(dǎo)的分句必須放主句后面,引補(bǔ)充說明作用。
eg:Put on more clothes, for it's cold outside.
注:because, since, as, for 的區(qū)別
語氣 位置 意義
because 最強(qiáng) 前或后 “原因”;表客觀因果關(guān)系;回答“”
as 較強(qiáng) 前 “由于”;把眾人所知的事實當(dāng)作理由
since 較弱 前 “既然”;就對方陳述的事實作為理由
for 最弱 后 “理由”;對某一事實進(jìn)行推斷的理由
(4)地點狀語從句
常用where(哪里)和wherever(無論哪里)
eg. Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。