英語語法學(xué)習(xí):一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較
學(xué)習(xí)啦:一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時之間又些什么是需要我們注意的點呢?我們應(yīng)該怎么區(qū)分好它們之間的關(guān)系呢?下面我們一起看看這篇《一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較》。
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;
現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
*一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
*現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for,since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, thisApril, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach,learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時
1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時,如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,remember等。例如:
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
我聽說了他將去倫敦。
I forget (=haveforgotten) how old he is.
我忘了他多大了。
2) 用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如:
It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
從我們上次見面以來,五年過去了。
公眾號:英語語法學(xué)習(xí)
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