課外英語單詞本考研筆記
課外英語單詞本考研筆記
翻碩復(fù)習(xí)的一大重頭戲就是詞匯，而詞匯量是巨大的，必須要有日常的積累和復(fù)習(xí)，并且掌握科學(xué)的記憶方法，才能最有效地積累詞匯量。下面是關(guān)于英語詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)筆記以供大家參考。
(1)
1、anomaly(n)anomalous thing;irregularity 異常的事物，不合規(guī)則
The many anomalies in the tax system 稅務(wù)制度中的多種異?，F(xiàn)象
◎ anomalous(adj)different from what is normal;irregular 異常的，不規(guī)則的
He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time worker in the firm。他與眾 不同，是公司唯一的兼職人員。
★ abnormal(adj)different，esp in an undesirable way，from what is normal，ordinary or expected 反常的，不正常的，變態(tài)的
abnormal weather conditions 反常的天氣
◎ abnormality(n)異常，反常，變態(tài)
★ irregular(adj) not regular in shape，arrangement，etc，uneven (形狀)不規(guī)則的，(安 排)無規(guī)律的，不平坦的 ～ in sth
a coast with an irregular outline 曲折的海岸線
(adj)not happening，coming，going，etc regularly;varying or unequal (發(fā)生，來去等) 無規(guī)律的，不平坦的
occur at irregular intervals 不定期發(fā)生
(adj)contrary to the rules or what is normal or established 不規(guī)則的，不合常規(guī)的，非正規(guī)的。
◎ irregularity(n)不整齊，不平坦，不規(guī)則，不合常規(guī)
2、converge(vi) (of lines，moving objects，etc)(come towards each other and) meet at a point (指線條、運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體等)會(huì)于一點(diǎn)，向一點(diǎn)會(huì)合，聚集 ～ on sb/sth;～ at sth
armies converging on the capital city 向首都集結(jié)的各路軍隊(duì)
(vi)become similar or identical (趨于)相似或相同
Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge 我們?cè)瓉硐嗷?duì)立 的觀點(diǎn)開始趨于一致。
◎ convergent(adj)相交的，趨于一致的
◎ convergence(n)
★ focus(n)(pl focuses or foci)(光、聲等的)中心點(diǎn)，源;焦點(diǎn)，焦距;聚集，調(diào)焦;活 動(dòng)的中心，使人感興趣的所在
In tonight’s programme our focus is on Germany。今天晚上我們的節(jié)目重點(diǎn)介紹德國。
(vi) become able to see clearly 能夠看清楚
His eyes focused slowly in the dark room 他在那間黑屋子里眼睛慢慢看清了東西。
(vt)cause sth to be concentrated at a point 使某物集中(于一點(diǎn));將注意力集中于某事物 ～ sth on sth
Please focus your minds on the following problem 請(qǐng)集中考慮以下問題
3、duplicate(adj)(做定語) exactly like something else;identical (與另一物)完全一樣 的。完全相同的
a duplicate set of keys (與另一套)完全相同的一套鑰匙。
(n)one of two or more things that are exactly alike;copy 相似物，復(fù)制品
Is this a duplicate or original?這是復(fù)制件還是原件?
(vt)(尤用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))復(fù)制某物;再一次做某事(尤指沒必要的)，重復(fù)
This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere 這項(xiàng)研究僅僅是重 復(fù)別人已經(jīng)做過的工作。
◎ duplication(n)復(fù)制，重復(fù)
★ double(n)兩倍，加倍
He’s paid double for the same job 他做同樣的工作，報(bào)酬比別人多一倍。
(n)person or thing that looks very like another 酷似的人或事物
She’s the double of her mother at the same age。她和她母親年輕時(shí)十分相似。
4、epoch(n)紀(jì)元，時(shí)代，時(shí)期
Einstein’s theory marked a new epoch in mathematics 愛因斯坦理論開創(chuàng)了數(shù)學(xué)的新紀(jì)元。
★ age(n)(具有某種特征或特殊事件的)歷史時(shí)期，時(shí)代
the modern age 現(xiàn)代
5、gaunt(adj)(of a person)made exceptionally thin by hunger or illness;haggard;(指人)(因饑餓或疾病)憔悴的，骨瘦如柴的
the gaunt face of a starving man 餓漢憔悴的面容
(adj)(of a place)bare desolate (指地方)不毛的，荒涼的
★ haggard(adj)looking tired and unhappy，esp from worry，lack of sleep 憔悴的，形容枯 槁的(尤因憂愁或缺覺等所致)
6、incessant(adj) not stopping，continual 不停的，連續(xù)的，不斷的
★ continuous(adj)便是動(dòng)作或物體繼續(xù)不停的或不間斷的進(jìn)行下去
★ continual(adj)一般指多次重復(fù)的動(dòng)作
7、mute(adj)silent，making no sound 沉默的，無聲的;
remain mute 保持沉默
(adj)(舊)(of people)unable to speak，dumb (指人)不能說話的，啞的
★ silent(adj)寂靜的，無聲的
(adj)沉默的，不發(fā)表意見的
On certain important details the report remains strangely silent 這份報(bào)告在某些 重要的細(xì)節(jié)問題上只字未提，莫名其妙
8、partisan(n)(對(duì)某人、團(tuán)體或事業(yè))熱心而常為盲目的擁護(hù)者
★ defender(n)后衛(wèi)
9、scan(vt)look at every part of sth carefully;examine with great attention 細(xì)看(某物的) 各部;仔細(xì)檢查(某物)
He scanned the horizon，looking for land 他細(xì)看天水相連的地方，尋找陸地。
(vt)匆匆而粗略的看
She scanned the newspaper over breakfast。她吃著早飯把報(bào)紙大略看了一遍
★ overlook(vt)俯瞰，俯視(某處)
My room overlooks the sea 從我的房間可以眺望大海。
(vt)忽視，忽略(某人，某事物)，不理會(huì)
He was overlooked when they set about choosing a new manager。選任新經(jīng)理時(shí)沒有考慮他。
10、stab(vt) pierce sth or wound sb with a pointed tool or weapon;push a knife，etc into sb/sth
戳(某物)，刺傷(某人)，(用刀等)捅(某人某物)
She stabbed him in the leg with a kitchen knife 她拿菜刀捅傷了他的腿。
(習(xí))stab sb in the back 背地里中傷某人，背叛某人
★ pierce(vt)(of sharp-pointed instruments)go into or through sth (指尖物)刺入、刺 透(某物)
The arrow pierced his shoulder 那枝箭刺入他的肩膀。
(vt)在某物上扎眼，穿孔
She had her ears pierced so that she could wear ear-rings 她已經(jīng)扎好了耳朵眼好戴耳環(huán)。
(2)
1、botch(vt) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work;repair sth badly (笨手笨腳的)弄壞某事物， 把某事物修理的很糟 ～ sth up
The mechanic tried to repair my car， but he really botched it up。那個(gè)技工想把我的 汽車修好，可是他一修更糟了。
◎ botcher(n)笨手笨腳的人
★ ruin(vt)cause the destruction of sb/sth 毀壞，毀滅某人/某事物
He ruined his prospects by carelessness。他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途
(n、U)severe damage or destruction 毀壞、毀滅，滅亡
The news meant the ruin of all our hopes。這消息使我們的一切希望都破滅了。
(n、U)毀壞、破產(chǎn)等的原因;禍根
(n、U)破敗、坍塌、毀壞的狀態(tài)
The capital was fallen into ruin。城堡已經(jīng)破敗不堪。
(習(xí)語)in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損、破敗不堪
A earthquake left the whole town in ruins 那次地震過后，全城到處都是殘?jiān)珨啾凇?/p>
★ spoil(vt，pt pp spoilt)make sth useless，valueless or unsatisfactory;ruin 毀掉、損壞、 破壞、糟蹋某事物
The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village。新修的路徹底毀 掉了那個(gè)村莊的特色。
(vt)harm the character of (esp a child)by lack of descipline or too mach
generosity，attention，praise，etc 嬌慣、寵壞、溺愛(尤指兒童)
That little girl is terribly spoilt。那個(gè)小女孩真慣的不象話
(vi)(指食物)變壞，變質(zhì)，腐敗
Some kind of food soon spoil 有些食物容易變質(zhì)
(習(xí)語)be spoilt for choice 因供選擇的事物太多而無從下手
◎ spoilage(n)(食物等的)變壞、變質(zhì)、腐爛
2、chafe(vi)become irritated or impatient because of sth(因某事物)惱怒或不耐煩 ～ at/under sth
The passengers sat chafing at the long delay 乘客們因?yàn)殚L時(shí)間的耽誤而坐的很不耐煩。
(v)(cause sth to)become sore by rubbing (使某物)因摩擦而疼痛
His shirt collar chafed his neck 他的襯衫領(lǐng)口把脖子磨騰了。
(n)(皮膚受磨擦的)疼處
★ abrade(vt)wear away(skin，fabric，rock，etc)by rubbing;scrape off 磨損(表皮、 織物、巖石等);刮除
◎ abrasion(n)刮除、磨損、擦掉;擦傷處
◎ abrasive(adj)有研磨作用的，粗糙的;傷人感情的，粗魯?shù)?/p>
★ scrape(vt) make (a surface，etc)clean，level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool or sth rough across it 擦凈、削平、磨光(某物) ～ sth down/out/off
She is scraping the path clear of snow 她正在把路上的積雪鏟掉。
(vt)remove(mud，grease，paint，etc)in this way 除掉(泥、油漬、油漆等) ～
sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off
scrape the dust off 把銹刮去
(vt)injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough，sharp 擦傷或刮壞某物 ～
sth against/on/along sth
I scraped the side of my car against a wall。我的汽車車身蹭墻被劃壞了。
(vt)remove(skin，paint，etc)accidentally in this way 擦傷、刮壞(皮膚，油漆等) ～ sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off
I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car 我準(zhǔn)是停放汽 車的時(shí)候刮掉了一些油漆。
3、dissipate(v)(cause sth to)scatter or vanish (使某事物)消散、消失
Her son’s letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety 她兒子的來信消除了她一切恐懼和焦慮。
(vt)waste(time，money，etc)foolishly 浪費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢等)
◎ dissipation(n，U)驅(qū)散、消散;浪費(fèi)
★ scatter(v)(cause people or animals to)move，usu quickly，in different directions (使 人或動(dòng)物)散開
The police scattered the crowd。警察驅(qū)散了人群。
(vt)throw sth in different directions;put here and there 撒(某物);散布
We scattered plates of food around the room before the party。我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)前把一盤盤食物擺放在屋 中各處。
(vt) ～ sth with sth 將某物撒在某物表面上
scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上
4、efface(vt)rub or wipe sth out;cause to fade 擦去，抹掉(某事物);使淡薄，使逐漸消 失
Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories 只有時(shí)間才能使人淡忘那些不快的記憶。
★ erase(vt)rub or scrape sth out;remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物，消除某事物的 痕跡 ～ sth from sth
5、glint(vi)give out small，bright flashes of light 閃閃發(fā)光;指某人的眼睛閃現(xiàn)某種神色
(n)光澤，(尤指光亮硬物的)反光
★ flash(vi)give or send out a brief bright light 發(fā)出閃光
6、onerous(adj)needing effort;burdensome 艱巨的，繁重的
This is the most onerous task I have ever undertaken 這是我承擔(dān)過的最艱巨的任務(wù)。
★ arduous(adj)needing much effort or energy;laborious 艱巨的，費(fèi)力的
The work is arduous and the hours are long 工作吃力，時(shí)間又長。
★ laborious(adj)(of work，etc)needing much effort (指工作等)艱苦的，費(fèi)力的;吃力 的，不流暢的，不自然的
7、iterate(vt)say sth again and again;make(an accusation，a demand，etc)repeatedly 反 復(fù)說某事，一再提出(指責(zé)，要求等) ～ sth to sb
★ repeat(vt)say or write sth again once or more than once;reiterate 重復(fù)說或?qū)懀磸?fù)重申
(vt)重做或重復(fù)(某事物)
Such bargain offers can’t be repeated 這么便宜的價(jià)錢不會(huì)再有了。
8、propensity(n)inclination or tendency 傾向、習(xí)性 ～ for/to/towards sth ～ for doing/to do sth
★ tendency(n)way a person or thing tends to be or behave (人物或呈現(xiàn)的)傾向、趨勢(shì) ～
to/towards sth/to do sth
★ inclination(n)feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular way;disposition 傾向、 意向、意愿 ～ to/towards/for sth ～ to do sth
9、singe(vt)blacken sth by burning;scorch 燒焦或燙焦(某物)
The iron’s too hot，you’ll singe the dress 熨斗太熱了，你會(huì)把衣服燙焦的。
★ scorch(vt)burn or discolour a surface by dry heat 將(物體表面)燒焦、燙糊或燙的變色
I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it。我把襯衫燙糊了。
10、strut(vi)(貶)趾高氣揚(yáng)的走，高視闊步
She strutted past us，ignoring our greeting 她神氣活現(xiàn)的從我們跟前走過，我們打招呼她都不理。
★ swagger(vi)(貶)趾高氣揚(yáng)的行走或行事
Don’t swagger just because you got the job 別因?yàn)榈玫搅诉@份工作就得意忘形。
11、unravel(v)(cause sth woven，knotted or tangled to)separate into strands (使編織、 編結(jié)或糾結(jié)之物)解開，拆開;(比喻)使某物變清楚或獲解決
The mystery unravels slowly。那件神秘的事漸漸明朗了。
★ solve(vt)find an answer to a problem，etc;explain or make clear a mystery etc 解決、解答(難題);解釋、揭示(秘密等)
solve a crime 破案
(3)
1、bellow(vi)make a deep loud noise like a bull;roar，esp with pain 發(fā)出(像牛的)吼叫聲; 咆哮(尤指因痛苦)
The bull bellowed angrily 公牛怒吼起來。
(v)say sth loudly or angrily;shout (大聲或憤怒的)說出某事;大叫 ～ sth at sb
The music was so loud we had to bellow at each other to be hearted 音樂的聲音實(shí)在太 大，我們只有彼此大聲喊叫才能把話聽清。
★ shout(vi)(不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))大聲說，喊，呼 ～ at/to sb ～ out
Don’t shout at me 別沖著我喊!
2、cloak(n)sleeveless outer garment hanging loosely from the shoulders，usu worn out of doors 斗 篷、披風(fēng)
(n)隱藏或掩護(hù)的東西
The spy’s activities were concealed by the cloak of diplomacy 間諜的活動(dòng)是在外交的 掩護(hù)下暗中進(jìn)行的。
★ mantle(n)loose sleeveless cloak 披風(fēng)、斗篷
(n)覆蓋物
hills with a mantle of snow 覆蓋著一層雪的山
3、devout(adj)sincerely religious;pious 虔信宗教的，虔誠的
(adj)sincere;deeply felt 誠摯的，真誠的，衷心的，發(fā)自內(nèi)心的
◎ devoutness(n)
★ pious(adj)having or showing a deep devotion to religion (對(duì)宗教)虔誠的
(adj)假虔誠的，虛偽的
He dismissed his critics as pious do-gooders who were afraid to face the facts 他把批評(píng)他的人斥之 為不敢面對(duì)事實(shí)的假善人。
4、guise(n)(古)style of dress 裝束;態(tài)度，相貌;(尤指)偽裝
under the guise of friendship 以友誼為偽裝
★ appearance(n)coming into view;arrival 出現(xiàn)，到來
(n)that which shows;外表，外貌，外觀
Fine clothes added to his strikingly handsome appearance 華麗的服裝使他極其英俊的外貌更 加出色。
5、latent(adj)(尤做定語)existing but not yet active，developed or visible 潛在的，不活躍的， 未發(fā)展的，不明顯的
a latent abilities 潛在的才能
★ concealed(adj)隱藏的
6、pawn(vt)leave an object with a pawnbroker in exchange for money that can be repaid in order to get the object back 典當(dāng)、抵押(某物)
He pawned his gold watch to pay the rent 他典當(dāng)了金表用以交租
★ gage(n)(用以作出估計(jì)或判斷的)事實(shí)、環(huán)境、方法、尺度
Is a person’s behavior under stress a reliable gage of his character?人在受到壓力時(shí)的行 為能做衡量其品性的可靠尺度么?
7、quake(vi)(of the earth)shake (指地)震動(dòng)、顫動(dòng)
They felt the ground quake as the bomb exploded 炸彈爆炸時(shí)，他們覺得地面都震動(dòng)的。
★ shudder(vi)shiver violently with cold，fear，etc tremble (因寒冷、恐懼等)發(fā)抖、戰(zhàn)栗
～ with sth
I shuddered to think of the problem ahead of us。我想到擺在面前的問題就不寒而栗。
8、sequel(n)thing that happens after or as a result of an earlier event 繼之而來的事物，有前因的 事物 ～ to sth
His speech had an unfortunate sequel in the in caused a riot 他的演說產(chǎn)生了一種不利的 后果，尤之引發(fā)一種騷亂。
★ result(vt) 重建、改建、重組，改組
9、salvage(n)(對(duì)船、船上貨物的)海上營救 ;(對(duì)火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)的)財(cái)務(wù)搶救
Salvage of thye wreck was made difficult by had weather 船遇難后， 因天氣阿率救援工作十分困難。
★ rescue(vt ) ～ sb/sth from sth/sb (從危險(xiǎn)、囚禁等方面)搭救或救出某人
10、virtual(adj)(做定語)事實(shí)上的，實(shí)際上的，實(shí)質(zhì)上的(但未在名義上或正式獲承認(rèn))
A virtual state of war between the two countries 兩國間實(shí)際處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)
★ actual(adj)existing in fact;real 實(shí)在的，真實(shí)的，實(shí)際的，確實(shí)的
The actual cost was much higher than we had expected 實(shí)際成本比我們預(yù)料的高的多。
11、wizard(n)男巫(尤指童話中的);魔術(shù)師
★ magician(n)魔術(shù)師，變戲法的人
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