常用英文翻譯技巧
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選3篇)
英譯漢是運用漢語把英語所表達的思想準確而完整地重新表達出來的語言活動,那么有關(guān)常用英文翻譯技巧有哪些內(nèi)容呢?下面小編給大家分享常用英文翻譯技巧,希望能夠幫助大家!
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇1)
一、增譯法
指根據(jù)英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式,在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較多,而英語句子一般都要有主語,所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候,除了少數(shù)可用英語無主句、被動語態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯以外,一般都要根據(jù)語境補出主語,使句子完整。英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時,必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時需要增補物主代詞,而在英譯漢時又需要根據(jù)情況適當?shù)貏h減。英語詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來表示,而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關(guān)系。因此,在漢譯英時常常需要增補連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外,在漢譯英時還要注意增補一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語,以確保譯文意思的完整??傊?,通過增譯,一是保證譯文語法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。如:
①、What about calling him right away?
馬上給他打個電話,你覺得如何? (增譯主語和謂語)
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四個現(xiàn)代化實現(xiàn)該有多好啊!(增譯主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true.
實際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)
④、就是法西斯國家本國的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物主代詞)
⑤、只許州官放火,不許百姓點燈。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增譯連詞)
⑥、這是我們兩國人民的又一個共同點。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)
⑦、在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域,中國反對以大欺小、以強凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語)
⑧、三個臭皮匠,合成一個諸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注釋性詞語)
二、省譯法
這是與增譯法相對應的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標語思維習慣、語言習慣和表達方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如:
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京訪問期間就住在這家飯店里。(省譯物主代詞)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在這兒過得愉快。(省譯物主代詞)
③、中國政府歷來重視環(huán)境保護工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省譯名詞)
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇2)
1、倒裝句
英語倒裝句,無論是完全倒裝,還是部分倒裝,都與漢語的語序有差異,翻譯時應尊重漢語習慣,將句子理順。
例:Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.鐵錘一落,火星四濺。(原句為完全倒裝。)
2、 強調(diào)句
翻譯好強調(diào)句的關(guān)鍵在于掌握好強調(diào)句型(It is…that/who/which/…)。應注意該句型與主語從句意義上的差異。例:
1)It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.
只有不同尋常的人才能遠離經(jīng)濟重壓,才能把錢花在別人身上就像花在自己身上一樣。(該句強調(diào)an unusual person,在譯文中用"只有"兩字體現(xiàn)出來。)
試比較主語從句:We had a lot of fun at the beach.It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我們在海灘上玩得很開心,美中不足的是喬治的腳被一塊玻璃割破了。(句中的It為形式主語,代替that引導的主語從句。a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只蒼蠅,喻美中不足。)
3、被動語態(tài)
英語被動語態(tài)使用比較多,尤其是科技論文中特別突出,這與漢語形成鮮明的對照。在漢語表達中,主動語態(tài)比被運語態(tài)用得更普遍些。因此,在進行英譯漢時,最好能尊重漢語習慣,將英文被動句轉(zhuǎn)換在漢語主動句。翻譯時應注意運用以下技巧:
1)英語的主語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的賓語
有些被動語態(tài)只能用漢語的主動句來翻譯時,可以將英語被動句的主語變?yōu)闈h語主動句的賓語,以便突出談論的事物,不需要表明的行為主體可以省略。
例:The present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness.絕不可用那些已經(jīng)無用的習俗來束縛現(xiàn)在的手腳。
2)用"被"等詞提示行為的主體
譯文必須表示出被動時,可以用"被"、"為……所"、"受到"、"叫"、"讓"、"靠"、"遭到"、"挨"、"將"、"是(由)……的"等詞來表示,這樣更能引人注目。
例:The earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete.曼哈頓地區(qū)的地層表面是由堅硬的混凝土構(gòu)成的。
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇3)
What impresses me most in Beijing is the Great Wall which is one of the greatest projects in the world. It's not only the cultural heritage, but also a symbol of China. "It's glorious." I think. It looks like a big dragon running across the mountainous area. It starts Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. It's so long that nobody can walk from the beginning to the end.
在北京給我印象最深的是長城,是世界上項目之一。它不僅是文化遺產(chǎn),也是中國的象征?!蔽矣X得“它很輝煌"。它就像一條巨龍穿越山區(qū)。從東面的山海關(guān)開始一直延伸到西邊的嘉峪關(guān)。太長了以至于沒有人能從走到尾。
It was firstly built in Qin Dynasty and prolonged in Ming and Qing dynasties. It was used to protect the enemies from invading in the past, but now it has become the place of interest which attracts so many tourists both at home and abroad.
它始建于秦朝,一直延期到明清時期。在過去它是用來防止敵人的入侵,但現(xiàn)在它已成為名勝古跡,吸引了很多國內(nèi)外游客。
When I was standing on the top of the Great Wall, I felt as if I were in ancient days. I could see many laborers working very hard. How could they finish this extremely difficult task by hand?
當我站在長城上時,我感覺我像是在古代一樣。我可以看到很多勞動者努力工作。他們怎么能用手工完成這個艱巨的任務?