在英語中什么是從句基本用法
在英語中什么是從句基本用法
英語從句在英語學(xué)習(xí)中起著很重要的作用,無論是在輸入(如語篇分析、閱讀理解等)還是在輸出(如口語、寫作)中一直是中國學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)中的難點，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的在英語中什么是從句，歡迎閱讀。
在英語中什么是從句
從句[1] 是復(fù)句中具有分屬地位的分句，它是一種絕大部分語言都有的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。在現(xiàn)代漢語的語法中，“從句”不作為專業(yè)術(shù)語被使用。在現(xiàn)代英語的語法中，從句指復(fù)合句中不能獨立成句，但具有主語部分和謂語部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引導(dǎo)詞(Connective)引導(dǎo)的非主句部分?，F(xiàn)在中國教育的“從句”二字常指現(xiàn)代英語的從句結(jié)構(gòu)，故以下只列出現(xiàn)代英語的從句使用。
一,名詞性從句
1主語從句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.
2賓語從句I wonder whether it's right or not.
3同位語從句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表語從句The question is whether it's right or not.
二,定語從句
1限定性定語從句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定語從句She is the student,who can speak English well.
三,狀語從句
1時間狀語從句The fact will come out when he comes here.
2地點狀語從句You can go wherever you like.
3原因狀語從句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式狀語從句He walks as if he were a king.
5目的狀語從句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6結(jié)果狀語從句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7條件狀語從句I will understand it if he tells me.
8讓步狀語從句He knows a lot though he is little.
PART2：經(jīng)典名詞性從句
主語從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜歡她不管我的事。 What he said is true. 他說的是真的。
Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party? 你記得他幾乎是在宴會快結(jié)束時才到的嗎? This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，這個晚會真棒!
Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告訴我們,你們是怎樣提前完成這一艱巨任務(wù)的。 We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我們有理由相信邊境上的沖突可能發(fā)展成一場全面戰(zhàn)爭。
He said that he would come. 他說他要來。
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。
表語從句 用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if);關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?/p>
賓語從句(object clauses)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動詞(動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞)和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他說他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起來。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能設(shè)法抽空出席這個交際會，我很高興。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在報上讀到的以外,我對這件事一無所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多數(shù)中國人一般都騎自行車上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他問我，她來還是不來。
同位語從句 用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對這些名詞進行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸煙危害健康，這是事實。
I have no idea what you mean.我一點兒也不明白你的意思。
He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建議我們坐火車去。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的。
PART3：經(jīng)典定語從句
1.窗戶朝南的那間房間是我的。
The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.
1. 整座城市躺在廢墟中，其中百分子75的工廠和大樓消失不見了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
2. 我們公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。
Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.
3. 那些被困在廢墟里的人已經(jīng)得救了。
Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.
4. 你們剛才談?wù)摰哪菆龅卣鸷每膳卵?
The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.
5. 我的家人都是音樂愛好者，今晚將去看電影。
My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.
6. 我們正在看的這幢大樓過去曾經(jīng)是一家醫(yī)院。
The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.
7. 約翰向母親說起過把他在國外見過的人和城市。
John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.
8. 他是去過倫敦的一位以觀光者之一。
He is one of the tourists who have been to London.
9. 他是這些觀光者當(dāng)中唯一去過倫敦的。
He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.
10. 這就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的學(xué)校嗎?
Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?
11. 這所學(xué)校就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的那所嗎?
Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?
12. 他們曾經(jīng)居住過的是在這個地方里。
It is in this place that he once lived.
13. 這是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地址。
It is the place where he once lived.
14. 他有兩個兒子，每一位都看起來像他。
He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.
15. 他有連個兒子，并且每一個都看起來像他。
He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.
16. 這是一本封面是藍色的書。
17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue.
18. 他不說令她生氣的話。He said nothing that made her angry.
19. 那就是他拒絕在會上發(fā)言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting.
20. 那就是前幾天麥克給我的理由。
That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.
21. 正如我們大家都知道的一樣，比爾蓋茨創(chuàng)建了微軟公司。
As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.
22. 比爾蓋茨創(chuàng)建了微軟公司是我們大家都知道的。
It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own Microsoft is known to us all.
23. 是他那夾雜著鄉(xiāng)村音樂，布魯斯音樂和福音的風(fēng)格成就了他的名氣。你是同誰一起去看的電影?
It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together..
24. 他不像是那種把工作留下一半的那種人。
He isn’t such a man as would leave his work half done.
25. 我要用與你們工廠里用過相同的那種工具。
I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory.
26. 我丟了一本書，書名我一時記不起來了。
I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment.
27. 像你在讀的那本小說我不欣賞。
I don’t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don’t appreciate the same book as you are reading.
28. 擦黑板的那一位應(yīng)該受到表揚
The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。
29. 我在初中度過的那三年我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。
I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school
30. 那不是我做事情的方法。
That isn’t the way( in which/that) I do it.
31. 他們能用不同的方法拼寫單詞，這是你們發(fā)現(xiàn)有趣的方法。
They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting.
32. 照現(xiàn)在的樣子抄寫這個表達詞語，不要有任何更改。
Copy this expression as it is; don’t make any change.
33. 我們將嘗試著幫助家長改善他們與孩子交談的方式。
We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their children.
34. 只有用這種方法才會停止比爾蓋茨的快速成功。
Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates’ quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。
35. 這位在救援中左腳受傷的士兵，年僅二十歲。、
The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old.
36. 他們破壞法律的方式開始的時候是和平的。
At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful.
PART4: 經(jīng)典狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句：
1) 除非,若不;相當(dāng)于if---not) 即：If you are too tired,we’ll not go out for a walk.
2)只要，表示條件的唯一性)
3)(以防---，以免---)
4)條件是---)
5) 如果,假如)
6)He won't be against us in the meeting that we ask for his advice in advance.( 假如,除非以……為條件)
7)一旦---就--)
2.時間狀語從句：
1)當(dāng)---的時候，表示“瞬時動詞”)
2當(dāng)---的時候，was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)
3)(然而，表示“對比”)
4)(as強調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間)
5)(as表示“一邊……一邊”)
6)Einstein almost knocked me down he saw me.(“在---之前”或“----才”)
7)(“剛好在---之前”或“---就”)
8)(在---之后)
9)“直到----才”，主句中的動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞)
10)“直到----才”，主句中的動詞為延續(xù)性動詞) 自從---)
12) I will go there I have finished my breakfast. (一----就---，另外有immediately, instantly)
I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. (一----就---，另外有the instant, the minute，ect.) 一----就---)
15) He had arrived home he was asked to start on another journey. (一----就---,另外有hardly/scarcely----when---)
16) you came back, I had finished this book.(“到---時為止”，從句是一般過去時，主句是過去完成時。)
you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. (“到---時為止”，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句是將來完成時。)
“每當(dāng)---的時候”或“每次”，復(fù)習(xí)each time, every time和whenever)
3.有關(guān)時間狀語從句的重點句型
1)過很久才----)
2)come back.( It won’t be---before---不久就---)
2)meeting was over he began to teach me English.(“ It was not until---that----” not until的強調(diào)句型)
3)的倒裝句型。) 我們老板離開北京有五個月了。(“It is/has been---since” 自從---以來多長時間)
had I sat down he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。(“hardly/scarcely----when---”/同“no sooner ---than” 注意時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。)
4.原因狀語從句
1)The sweater shrank it was washed badly. (強調(diào)“直接原因”)
we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. (由于)
you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. (“既然”強調(diào)雙方共知的原因,復(fù)習(xí) “now (that),seeing (that)， considering (that)， in that”)
4)引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因， 只提供一些輔助性的補充說明， for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。)
5)國強不在大。(“not ... because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個從句)
5結(jié)果狀語從句
1)太---以至于) 太---以致于) (以致于)
4) 注意狀語從句與too….to..enough to…, so… as to結(jié)構(gòu)的不同。
6.目的狀語從句
1)You must speak you can be heard by all.( 為了;以便)
2)He wrote the name down (生怕，以免)he should forget it.
3)以免)the weather is cold.
4) Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you.( 以便)
7.讓步狀語從句
1)雖然，縱然,盡管) you may, I’ll go.( 雖然，縱然，盡管) 雖然，縱然，盡管) 雖然，縱然，盡管)
5) We’ll make a trip “即使……”) (“不論是否……”，“不管是……還是……”)
you are, you must keep the you are, you must keep the law.(無論誰，復(fù)習(xí)no matter +疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。)
8)(盡管)
8.方式狀語從句
1)minds.
2)3)說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.(他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。)
He cleared his throat 么似的。)
The waves dashed on the rocks 很憤怒。)
4)Please pronounce the word do.(用---方式)
5)Leave the things they are.(按照---)
9.比較狀語從句
1)You seem to know music you know astronomy.(as---as 結(jié)構(gòu))
2)There his in this city. (no so---as 結(jié)構(gòu))
3)There were not so many tickets available as were asked for. (not so---as 結(jié)構(gòu))
4)Finally he has he wanted. (as +adj +n.+as 結(jié)構(gòu))
5)Your watch is not his.(the same as結(jié)構(gòu))
6)I never met a man your younger brother.(such---as 結(jié)構(gòu))
7)She studies her classmates.(more than結(jié)構(gòu))
8)other book has had on my life.(否定詞和比較級連用表示最高級含義。)
9)This teacher explained the problem more clearly than (比較級與 “any other one”連用表示最高級含義。)
10)The more you read, the better will you write.(the more----the more 結(jié)構(gòu))
11) He earned 800 dollars a month. 他一個月只掙800美元。(no +比較級+than結(jié)構(gòu)).
10.地點狀語從句
1)there is a will, there is a way.
2)You should have put the book you found it.
3) there is smoke , there is fire.
4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark you have any questions.
5) You should make it a rule to leave can find them again
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