田納西州英文介紹
田納西州英文介紹
田納西州位于美國(guó)東南部，東起北卡羅來(lái)納州州界的阿巴拉契亞山脈(Appalachian Mountain)，南臨佐治亞州、亞拉巴馬州、密西西比州， 西止密蘇里州和阿肯色州東邊的密西西比河(Mississippi River)，北臨肯塔基州和弗吉尼亞州，地勢(shì)東高西低。長(zhǎng)約432英里，州面積109,150平方公里。首府納什維爾(Nashville)，州內(nèi)還有美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的中心孟菲斯。
美國(guó)田納西州別名「志愿者之州」(Volunteer State)的田納西于1796年加入聯(lián)邦，成為美國(guó)第16州。它是第一個(gè)由聯(lián)邦憲法批準(zhǔn)加入的州。在成為州前，田納西又名「俄亥俄河的南部地區(qū)」(Territory South of the River Ohio)。田納西一字源自于卻洛奇族(Cherokee)的村落Tanasi?，F(xiàn)在，田納西的首府是被稱(chēng)做鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)中心的那什維爾(Nashville)，而曼菲斯(Memphis)則是田納西的第一大城，這兒也是貓王(Elvis Presley)傳奇音樂(lè)生涯的開(kāi)始。田納西的州花是鳶尾花。
田納西州英文介紹
Called the "Volunteer State," Tennessee became the 16th state of the Union in 1796. It was the first territory admitted as a state under the federal Constitution. Before statehood, it was known as the Territory South of the River Ohio. The name Tennessee is derived from the name of a Cherokee village, Tanasi. Today, the capital, Nashville, is known as a center for country music. Memphis, the largest city in the state, is the place where Elvis Presley first began his legendary musical career. The state flower is the iris.
鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的發(fā)源地
鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)源起何處?假如您回答那什維爾，那您就答錯(cuò)了。
正確答桉是田納西的布里斯托(Bristol)。布里斯托位于田納西及維吉尼亞州的邊界上，此處的阿帕拉契山(Appalachian)民族音樂(lè)廣受歡迎，而且已經(jīng)流傳好幾世代。當(dāng)?shù)氐脑S多小提琴旋律及歌曲風(fēng)格都來(lái)自于1700年代的不列顛群島(British Isles)。
唱片工業(yè)興起于1900年代早期，但大部分的音樂(lè)家都會(huì)遠(yuǎn)至紐約錄製他們的音樂(lè)。1927年時(shí)，勝者唱片(Victor Records)的羅夫皮爾(Ralph Peer)決定要嚐試一些不同的。他來(lái)到田納西的布里斯托錄製當(dāng)?shù)匾魳?lè)家的音樂(lè)，他認(rèn)為可以在布里斯托找到演奏懷舊時(shí)光及山區(qū)民歌的音樂(lè)家。當(dāng)時(shí)有兩個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐谋硌輬F(tuán)體簽署了唱片合約，一為來(lái)自維吉尼亞的卡特家族(Carter Family)，另一個(gè)則是來(lái)自于北卡羅來(lái)納州的前鐵路工人杰米羅杰斯(Jimmie Rodgers)。當(dāng)卡特家族在演奏懷舊時(shí)光的山區(qū)音樂(lè)時(shí)，羅杰斯就負(fù)責(zé)使用一種名為約德?tīng)栒{(diào)的唱腔來(lái)吟唱民歌，他們成功的打進(jìn)全國(guó)市場(chǎng)。后來(lái)，連續(xù)好幾代的流行鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)家都以卡特家族的音樂(lè)為他們的核心音樂(lè)，而羅杰斯于1928年錄製的「藍(lán)調(diào)約德?tīng)枴?Blue Yodel)唱片成為第一張銷(xiāo)售百萬(wàn)的鄉(xiāng)村唱片!
這些早期的布里斯托唱片為后來(lái)絕大部分的鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)鋪下基石。因?yàn)橐话闳瞬粫?huì)將布里斯托視為鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的發(fā)源地，所以對(duì)布里斯托的居民來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)認(rèn)可布里斯托對(duì)音樂(lè)史的貢獻(xiàn)是很重要的一件事。1998年時(shí)，國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)決議，決議中即正式承認(rèn)布里斯托為「鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)的發(fā)源地」。
Where was country music born? If you said Nashville, you'd be wrong.
The right answer is Bristol, Tennessee. Bristol is on the Tennessee and Virginia border, where Appalachian mountain folk music has been popular for generations. Many of the fiddle tunes and song styles came over from the British Isles in the 1700s.
By the early 1900s, the recording industry had begun, but most musicians had to travel to New York City to record their music. In 1927, Ralph Peer of Victor Records decided to try something different. He went to Bristol, Tennessee, to record local musicians. He thought that old-time and "hillbilly" musicians could be found there. Two local acts signed recording contracts -- the Carter Family from Virginia and former railroad worker Jimmie Rodgers of North Carolina. While the Carter Family played old-time mountain music, Jimmie Rodgers sang ballads and used a singing style called yodeling. They both became successful nationwide. The Carter Family formed the core of several generations of popular country musicians, and Rodgers's 1928 recording of "Blue Yodel" became one of the first country records to sell a million copies!
These early Bristol recordings laid the groundwork for much of the country music that followed. Because Bristol is not usually thought of as the place where country music began, it was especially important that the U.S. Congress recognized Bristol's contribution to music history. In 1998, Congress passed a resolution recognizing Bristol as the "Birthplace of County Music."