萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)英文版
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)英文版
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕(英語(yǔ)：All Saints' Day，halloween,拉丁語(yǔ)：Sollemnitas Omnium Sanctorum，希臘語(yǔ)：Άγιοι Πάντες，西班牙語(yǔ)：Día de Todos los Santos，俄語(yǔ)：Собор всех святых)又叫諸圣節(jié)，在每年的10月31日，是西方的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。萬(wàn)圣節(jié)源自古代凱爾特民族(Celtic)的新年節(jié)慶，此時(shí)也是祭祀亡魂的時(shí)刻，在避免惡靈干擾的同時(shí)，也以食物祭拜祖靈及善靈以祈平安渡過(guò)嚴(yán)冬。前一天晚上(也就是萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜)，小孩們會(huì)穿上化妝服，戴上面具，挨家挨戶收集糖果。
The origin of Halloween there are many versions of the legend, the most common view, that is before the birth of Christ from the ancient Western European countries, including Ireland, Scotland and Welsh, that several of the ancient people of Western Europe were called druids. Druids of the new year in the November 1st, new year's Eve, so that young people set Druids team, wearing all kinds of strange mask, carrying carved turnip lamp ( jack-o-lantern later the Department of customs, the ancient Western Europe pumpkin is not the first ), they walk in the village. This was actually a kind of harvest celebration; also said to be "Halloween", the legend who died that year, the soul will be the eve of Halloween visit the world, said that people should be allowed to visit the ghost to see the ghost of a successful harvest and show great hospitality. All bonfire and lights, one hand in order to frighten away the ghost, but also for the ghost light line, to guide their return.
In medieval Europe, there had been the history of Christianity to destroy infidels. But before the new year's Eve celebration worship never really removed, but in the form of witchcraft. This is why we are Halloween, also left the witch's broom, black cat, spells and other traces.
The history of Halloween two legend:
The first
Two thousand years ago, Europe's Catholic Church would make November 1st as " All Hallows Day" ( ALL HALLOWS DAY ). " HALLOW" the saints. Legend since five hundred BC, living in Ireland, Scotland and other places of the Celtic ( CELTS ) moved forward this festive day, October 31st. They feel that the day is the formal end of the summer days, it is at the beginning of the year, the harsh winter, the day began. When people believe in, the spirits of the enemy on this day back in the house to find him in the living creatures, to regeneration, and it is people can be reborn after the death of the only hope. The living dead who are afraid to come to seize the soul of health, so people will put out the fire on this day, candlelight, let the soul can not find the living dead, also dressed up as demons and ghosts to scare away the dead souls. After that, they will rekindle the fire candle to, the beginning of the new year of life. Fable Celts tribe also had at that time in October 31st to pay homage to the dead to kill the living custom.
In the first Century, Celtic tribes occupied the territory of the Roman people have gradually accepted the Halloween customs, but has since abolished the firing of brutal practices of the living dead festival. Romans celebrate the harvest festival with the Celtics ceremony, wearing a frightening mask, dressed in animal or ghosts, are intended to drive away demons wandering around in their. This is what most people in today's global ancient spirit demon dressed, to celebrate the origin of halloween. As time goes by, the meaning of Halloween has changed gradually, become active happy, happy has become a mainstream means. The dead soul back to look for a substitute to say the world has gradually been abandoned and forgotten. To this day, a symbol of Halloween images, such as witches, black cats, picture, is mostly friendly cute and funny face.
The second kind
Legends about the origin of Halloween another version of that, it was before the birth of Christ from the ancient Western European countries, including Ireland, Scotland and Welsh. That several of the ancient people of Western Europe were called druids. Druids of the new year in the November 1st, new year's Eve, so that young people set Druids team, wearing all kinds of strange mask, carrying carved turnip lamp ( jack-o-lantern later the Department of customs, the ancient Western Europe pumpkin is not the first ), they walk in the village. This was actually a kind of harvest celebration; also said to be "Halloween", the legend who died that year, the soul will be the eve of Halloween visit the world, said that people should be allowed to visit the ghost to see the ghost of a successful harvest and show great hospitality. All bonfire and lights, one hand in order to frighten away the ghost, but also for the ghost light line, to guide their return.
In medieval Europe, there had been the history of Christianity to destroy infidels. But before the new year's Eve celebration worship never really removed, but in the form of witchcraft. This is why we are Halloween, also left the witch's broom, black cat, spells and other traces.
關(guān)于萬(wàn)圣節(jié)由來(lái)的傳說(shuō)有許多版本,最普遍的認(rèn)為,那是源于基督誕生前的古西歐國(guó)家,主要包括愛(ài)爾蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士,這幾處的古西歐人叫德魯伊特人.德魯伊特的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德魯伊特人讓年輕人集隊(duì),戴著各種怪異面具,拎著刻好的蘿卜燈(南瓜燈系后期習(xí)俗,古西歐最早沒(méi)有南瓜),他們游走于村落間.這在當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)則為一種秋收的慶典;也有說(shuō)是“鬼節(jié)”,傳說(shuō)當(dāng)年死去的人,靈魂會(huì)在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的前夜造訪人世,據(jù)說(shuō)人們應(yīng)該讓造訪的鬼魂看到圓滿的收成并對(duì)鬼魂呈現(xiàn)出豐盛的款待.所有篝火及燈火,一來(lái)為了嚇走鬼魂,同時(shí)也為鬼魂照亮路線,引導(dǎo)其回歸.
在中世紀(jì)的中歐,曾有過(guò)基督教摧毀異教徒的歷史.可是新年夜前的祭祀慶典從未真正消除,不過(guò)以巫術(shù)的形式出現(xiàn).這也就是為什么我們現(xiàn)在的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)里,還留有巫婆的掃帚、黑貓、咒語(yǔ)等痕跡.
萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的來(lái)歷的兩種傳說(shuō)：
第一種
兩千多年前,歐洲的天主教會(huì)把11月1日定為“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) .“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意.傳說(shuō)自公元前五百年,居住在愛(ài)爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的凱爾特人 (CELTS)把這節(jié)日往前移了一天,即10月31日.他們認(rèn)為該日是夏天正式結(jié)束的日子,也就是新年伊始,嚴(yán)酷的冬季開(kāi)始的一天.那時(shí)人們相信,故人的亡魂會(huì)在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈,借此再生,而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望.而活著的人則懼怕死魂來(lái)奪生,于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光,讓死魂無(wú)法找尋活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走.之后,他們又會(huì)把火種燭光重新燃起,開(kāi)始新的一年的生活.傳說(shuō)那時(shí)凱爾特人部落還有在10月31日把活人殺死用以祭奠死人的習(xí)俗.
到了公元1世紀(jì),占領(lǐng)了凱爾特部落領(lǐng)地的羅馬人也漸漸接受了萬(wàn)圣節(jié)習(xí)俗,但從此廢止了燒活人祭死人的野蠻做法.羅馬人慶祝豐收的節(jié)日與凱爾特人儀式結(jié)合,戴著可怕的面具,打扮成動(dòng)物或鬼怪,則是為了趕走在他們四周游蕩的妖魔.這也就是今天全球大部分人以古靈精怪的打扮,來(lái)慶祝萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái).時(shí)間流逝,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的意義逐漸起了變化,變得積極快樂(lè)起來(lái),喜慶的意味成了主流.死魂找替身返世的說(shuō)法也漸漸被摒棄和忘卻.到了今天,象征萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的形象、圖畫(huà)如巫婆、黑貓等,大都有友善可愛(ài)和滑稽的臉.
第二種
關(guān)于萬(wàn)圣節(jié)由來(lái)的傳說(shuō)另一種版本認(rèn)為,那是源于基督誕生前的古西歐國(guó)家,主要包括愛(ài)爾蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士.這幾處的古西歐人叫德魯伊特人.德魯伊特的新年在11月1日,新年前夜,德魯伊特人讓年輕人集隊(duì),戴著各種怪異面具,拎著刻好的蘿卜燈(南瓜燈系后期習(xí)俗,古西歐最早沒(méi)有南瓜),他們游走于村落間.這在當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)則為一種秋收的慶典;也有說(shuō)是“鬼節(jié)”,傳說(shuō)當(dāng)年死去的人,靈魂會(huì)在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的前夜造訪人世,據(jù)說(shuō)人們應(yīng)該讓造訪的鬼魂看到圓滿的收成并對(duì)鬼魂呈現(xiàn)出豐盛的款待.所有篝火及燈火,一來(lái)為了嚇走鬼魂,同時(shí)也為鬼魂照亮路線,引導(dǎo)其回歸.
在中世紀(jì)的中歐,曾有過(guò)基督教摧毀異教徒的歷史.可是新年夜前的祭祀慶典從未真正消除,不過(guò)以巫術(shù)的形式出現(xiàn).這也就是為什么我們現(xiàn)在的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)里,還留有巫婆的掃帚、黑貓、咒語(yǔ)等痕跡.
相關(guān)文章：
3.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的習(xí)俗介紹2則 英語(yǔ)版