been的用法_have been的用法
been是用來表示某人或某物即主語本身,用來表示某人或某物屬于某一群體或有某種性質(zhì)( be的過去分詞 );been的用法有哪些呢?本文是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理been的用法的資料,僅供參考。
been的用法
短暫性動(dòng)詞不可以和一段時(shí)間連用,所以當(dāng)一些短暫性動(dòng)詞和一段時(shí)間連用時(shí),要把短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài).像arrive ,come,go 等往往改為be+介詞at/in ;leave 往往改為be away (from...) stop,end,finish往往改為be over;begin/start 往往改為be on
The train has been in the station for two hours
這句話的意思是:火車兩小時(shí)前來到車站,現(xiàn)在還在車站,在車站已有兩小時(shí)了.而“來到車站”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是不可能持續(xù)兩小時(shí)的.
He has been away from Tokyo along “離開”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是不可能持續(xù)很長時(shí)間,所以用be away (from...)這個(gè)狀態(tài),并不是簡單地去掉非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
be, being, been 區(qū)別
be是原形,可以做助動(dòng)詞,后面一般接doing結(jié)構(gòu),表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),或者接done結(jié)構(gòu),表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
如,He is working.他正在工作。
這里的is就是be動(dòng)詞。
He is asked to answer the question.他被要求回答問題。
注意,在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中be有不同的形式。am is are was were
當(dāng)然be可以做系動(dòng)詞,后面還能接形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
如,He is handsome. 他很英俊。
been是be的過去分詞,可以用于完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因?yàn)橥瓿蓵r(shí)的基本形式是have done,剛才說了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式是be done,
將be done 放入完成時(shí)態(tài)就構(gòu)成了完成時(shí)的被動(dòng),即為have been done,這里的done是行為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,這里也可以用形容詞,
如,He has been in prison for 15 years。他已經(jīng)坐了15年牢了。
至于being,比較特殊,是be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,用法可以參考非謂語動(dòng)詞。還可以用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
如,He is being beaten。他正在挨打。
have_been的用法
have been 是動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行式,當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),使用has been的形式。和不同的單詞連用,表達(dá)不同的意思?,F(xiàn)對(duì)初中教材中出現(xiàn)的用法歸納如下:
一、have been與表示職業(yè)的名詞連用,用來詢問或說明某人所從事的職業(yè)。例如:
Have you ever been a teacher ? 你曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過教師嗎?
I've been a doctor before . 以前我曾經(jīng)是一位醫(yī)生。 這種表達(dá)與how long, for或since等表示時(shí)間的短語連用后,則表示此種狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時(shí)間。例如:
How long have you been a player ? 你當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員有多久了?
I've been a worker for twelve years. 我當(dāng)工人十二年了。
I've been a soldier since two years ago. 自從兩年前我就當(dāng)了戰(zhàn)士。 二、have been后接形容詞,表示某種行為或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)和表示時(shí)間的短語how long, for或since等連用時(shí),則表示這種狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間。例如:
The shop has been open . 這家商店?duì)I業(yè)了。
How long has this factory been open ? 這家工廠開工多久了? The factory has been open for several years. 這家工廠開工好幾年了。 The baby has been asleep since his mother left. 自從他媽媽走后,這小孩就睡著了。
I have so tired these days. 這些天我很累。
這種方式也用來表示天氣等:
It has been hot since last week. 自從上周以來,天氣一直很熱。
某些動(dòng)詞的分詞用作形容詞時(shí),也可以使用這種句式表達(dá)。例如:
Jim's purse has been missing (for a week). 吉姆的錢包丟了(一周了)。 The train has been gone (for half an hour). 火車開走了(半小時(shí)了)。 三、have been 可以和表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語連用,依據(jù)介詞的不同和語境的不同,可以表示相當(dāng)于漢語中的“去過”、“來”、“到”、“在”等不同動(dòng)詞的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示時(shí)間的短語連用后,表示這種狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時(shí)間。例如:
Have you been to Beijing ? 你去過北京嗎?(不在北京問)
Has Jim been to China? 吉姆來過中國嗎?(在中國問)/ 吉姆去過中國嗎?(在中國以外的地方問)
How long have you been at the school? 你在/到/來這所學(xué)校多久了?
They have been in China for more than two years. 他們來中國兩年多了。 have been與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞here 或there等連用時(shí),與上述意思相同:
I have been here for two hours. 我來這兒兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
He has been there for three years. 他在那兒已經(jīng)三年了。
Where have you been (to)? 你剛才去哪里了? 四、have been可以與away, back, in, on, out, over等小品詞連用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,表示某種狀態(tài)。當(dāng)這種狀態(tài)與for等表示段時(shí)間的短語連用時(shí),表示這個(gè)狀態(tài)的延續(xù)時(shí)間。例如:
Tom has been away (for a week). = Tom has left (for a week). 湯姆離開(一周)了。 The film has been on (for half an hour). = The film has begun (for half an hour).電影開演(半小時(shí))了。
He has been out (for two days). = He has left his home (for two days). 他不在家(兩天)了。
The train has been in (for two hours). = The train has arrived (for two hours).火車到達(dá)(兩小時(shí))了。
He has been back (for a week). = He has come back (for a week). 他回來一周了。
[請(qǐng)注意上述例子中的后一種說法。我們一直在教學(xué)生不能說 I've come for an hour.之類的句子,讓學(xué)生記住所謂的“瞬間動(dòng)詞”不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,然而,這種觀點(diǎn)是違背英語使用原則的。詳情請(qǐng)見2003年第三期《中 學(xué)外語教與學(xué)》或《中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)與輔導(dǎo)誤區(qū)100例》(金盾出版社2005年2月出版)]
五、have been后接動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去某一時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行或反復(fù)多次發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作到說話時(shí)是否停止,視上下文或當(dāng)時(shí)語言環(huán)境而定。例如: He has been working in that factory for five years.
他在這工廠工作五年了。(現(xiàn)在是否仍在該工廠工作,視上下文而定。)
I have been surfing every day. 每天我都要沖浪。
六、have been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式,表示一個(gè)已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。例如:
The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已經(jīng)被人類訪問過了。 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)被很多國家發(fā)射到了太空。
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