雅思閱讀考試的一些常識(shí)
雅思閱讀考試的文章以大眾題材為主, 內(nèi)容涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、科技、醫(yī)學(xué)、環(huán)境、能源、地質(zhì)、海洋、動(dòng)物等方面問題,而不涉及專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的文章,以免給不同專業(yè)的考生造成優(yōu)勢或劣勢;甚至有些知識(shí)都是我們?nèi)粘I钪兴私獾?,因此在雅思閱讀考試中,考生在拿到題目時(shí)可以首先考慮利用常識(shí)能否直接找出答案,而不是匆忙找定位詞到文章中定位。下面我們結(jié)合題目具體說明常識(shí)在做題中的作用。
雅思閱讀考試的一些常識(shí)
例一(劍六P71 The Search for the Anti-aging Pill)
Questions 33-37
Classify the following descriptions as relating to
A. caloric-restricted monkeys
B. control monkeys
C. neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeys
33. Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.
34. Monkeys experienced more chronic disease.
35. Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer than average life span.
36. Monkeys enjoyed a reduced chance of heart disease.
37. Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.
解題:
首先讀選項(xiàng),我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)A 選項(xiàng)是卡路里即熱量攝入受限制的猴子,而B選項(xiàng),我們可以猜出它為熱量攝入不受限制的猴子,當(dāng)然若考生不確定可以到文章中定位找control monkeys,原文為“control animals that eat normally”,因此可以確定B選項(xiàng)為正常飲食即熱量攝入不受限制的猴子。
接下來讀題目,33題為“猴子成為糖尿病患者的幾率減少”,根據(jù)常識(shí)我們都知道現(xiàn)在健康專家提倡人們減少卡路里即熱量的攝入,因此我們可以斷定此題答案為A; 而34題為“猴子經(jīng)歷更多的慢性疾病”,根據(jù)同樣的常識(shí)我又可以斷定此題答案為B;36題為“猴子得心臟病的幾率減少”,我們也可以得出答案為A。
35題和37題可能根據(jù)常識(shí)無法確定答案,這種情況下考生就需要利用定位詞到文章中定位找答案了。
例二(劍五P89 Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass)
Questions 18-23
Complete the summary with the list of words A-P below.
Toughened glass
Toughened glass is favored by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass, and the fragments are not as 18________ when it breaks. However, it has one disadvantage: it can shatter 19________. This fault is a result of the manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is first heated, then cooled very 20________. The outer layer 21________ before the inner layer, and the tension between the two layers……These are unstable, and can expand suddenly, particularly if the weather is 22________. If this happens, the pane of glass may break. The frequency with which such problems occur is 23________ by glass experts…….
解題:根據(jù)題目中的句話我們能猜出toughened glass為鋼化玻璃,18題中講當(dāng)鋼化玻璃破碎時(shí),它的碎片不像普通玻璃一樣____?根據(jù)常識(shí)我們知道鋼化玻璃破碎時(shí)碎片不那么鋒利,所以此題答案為F;同樣根據(jù)常識(shí),鋼化玻璃有時(shí)會(huì)突然破碎,19題答案為I;20題考生若不確定答案可以利用定位信息到文章中定位答案,答案為C;21題我們又可以利用常識(shí)“熱脹冷縮”,判斷肯定外層比內(nèi)層先收縮,所以答案為K;22題同樣利用“熱脹冷縮”的常識(shí),肯定是天暖和的時(shí)候才會(huì)膨脹,因此確定答案為E;23題根據(jù)常識(shí)無法確定答案,考生利用定位信息到文章中定位確定答案,答案為L。
雅思閱讀分類詞匯:報(bào)紙
newspaper
daily 日?qǐng)?bào)
morning edition 晨報(bào)
evening edition 晚報(bào)
quality paper 高級(jí)報(bào)紙
popular paper 大眾報(bào)紙
evening paper 晚報(bào)
government organ 官報(bào)
part organ 黨報(bào)
trade paper 商界報(bào)紙
chinese paper 中文報(bào)紙
english newspaper 英文報(bào)紙
vernacular paper 本國文報(bào)紙
japanese paper 日文報(bào)紙
political news 政治報(bào)紙
newspaper week 新聞周刊
the front page 頭版,第一版
bulldog edition 晨版
article 記事
headline 標(biāo)題
banner headline 頭號(hào)大標(biāo)題
byline 標(biāo)題下署名之行
dateline 日期、發(fā)稿地之行
big news 頭條新聞
hot news 最新新聞
exclusive news 獨(dú)家新聞
scoop 特訊
feature 特寫,花絮
criticism 評(píng)論
editorial 社論
review, comment 時(shí)評(píng)
book review 書評(píng)