定語從句中which的用法
下面是學習啦小編為同學們整理了定語從句中which的用法 ,希望大家學以致用!
定語從句既然是從句,就是一個句子,一定要有句子主干,也就是說,一定要有謂語動詞。有的選項定語從句中沒有謂語動詞,動作由非謂語動詞表示,就是錯的。
定語從句既然是從句,就是從屬于主句的,一定要由關系代詞或關系副詞引導,把自身的謂語動詞獨立性取消,保證主句謂語動詞地位不動搖。有的選項定語從句沒有關系代詞或關系副詞,直接上謂語動詞,也是錯的。
which是定語從句的關系代詞之一。which有且僅有兩種用法。
一,which前面有逗號,逗號前面是個名詞,which就近指代那個名詞。
(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.
which就近指代photos,定語從句中謂語動詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發(fā)出者即從句主語即先行詞photos,是photos沒讓豌豆家屬高興起來。
(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.
which就近指代photos,photos是定語從句中的賓語,把定語從句還原成一個完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.
可以看到,上面兩個句子都可以以that為關系代詞改寫,即
(1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.
(2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.
改寫與原版區(qū)別在哪兒?就在一個逗號。which前面是名詞,名詞和which之間沒逗號的,在GMAT語法里算錯。
二,which前面是介詞,介詞前面是名詞,which就近指代介詞前的那個名詞,名詞和介詞之間有無逗號均可。
Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.
這個句子可以“拆”成如下兩句:(每個定語從句都可以拆成兩句,以先行詞為拆分點)
Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.
先行詞實際上是定語從句中介詞的賓語,這時,需要把介詞提前,避免如下表達:
Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
上中學的時候?qū)W過,which引導的定語從句叫“非限制性定語從句”,是不是?它怎么就“非限制性”了?回顧上述GMAT語法規(guī)定which有且僅有的兩種用法,which指的都是就近的名詞,從句其實還是限制性的。
所謂非限制性呢,是說which指逗號之前一套主謂所描述的情況,以逗號前的一個完整句為先行詞。比如:
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
注意,這樣的非限制性定語從句在GMAT語法中是不成立的,關于which,GMAT語法考試只認可上述兩種限制性用法。那么,在GMAT語法考試規(guī)則范圍內(nèi),用什么方法能夠表達出原來學過的非限制性定語從句的意思來呢?
分成兩句或做出同位語來都是可以的,當然,需要先找出一個名詞把原來非限制性定語從句的先行詞(即那個完整的句子)概括出來。
一、分成兩句
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.
二、做同位語
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad, being what Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
是不是聽過傳說,帶being的一概不選?Being為什么這么遭人鄙視?上面的例句還是成立的嗎?